Practice gce model questions vol1 civic_education 2024 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

The constitution requires a constitutional amendment to be approved by at least \(60\%\) of votes in at least half of the states and by an overall national majority of at least \(55\%\). The following data show the number of votes cast for and against the amendment in six states, each with 200 000 total votes: State A: 120 000 for, 80 000 against State B: 90 000 for, 110 000 against State C: 150 000 for, 50 000 against State D: 80 000 for, 120 000 against State E: 130 000 for, 70 000 against State F: 100 000 for, 100 000 against Does the amendment pass? Answer "Yes" or "No".

A. Yes (fails state requirement)

B. No (fails national majority)

Correct C. Yes

D. No

Correct Answer: C

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Question 2 View Details

In a jurisdiction where voting is compulsory, the law states that if the voter turnout falls below \(75\%\), each non‑voter must pay a fine equal to \(4\%\) of his or her monthly salary for the first percentage point shortfall and an additional \(1\%\) of the salary for each further percentage point shortfall. The city has 500 000 eligible voters, of whom 360 000 voted in the last election. The average monthly salary is ₦120 000. (a) What is the percentage shortfall of turnout? (b) What is the fine per non‑voter (as a percentage of salary and in Naira)? (c) What is the total amount of fines collected in the city?

A. 5%; ₦9 600; ₦1 344 000 000

Correct B. 3%; ₦7 200; ₦1 008 000 000

C. 4%; ₦8 400; ₦1 176 000 000

D. 3%; ₦6 000; ₦840 000 000

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3 View Details

Reported cultism incidents in a region over the past five years were: Year 1 = 120, Year 2 = 150, Year 3 = 180, Year 4 = 210, Year 5 = 240. Assuming a constant linear increase, the projected number of incidents for Year 6 would be 270. The government introduces a prevention programme that reduces the annual increase by \(20\%\) starting in Year 6. Calculate: (i) the projected number of incidents for Year 6 and Year 7 under the programme, (ii) the total reduction in the number of incidents over Years 6‑10 compared with the original linear projection without the programme.

Correct A. Year 6 = 264; Year 7 = 288; reduction = 90

B. Year 6 = 240; Year 7 = 270; reduction = 150

C. Year 6 = 246; Year 7 = 252; reduction = 360

D. Year 6 = 216; Year 7 = 240; reduction = 330

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4 View Details

List three fundamental rights and three corresponding duties of a citizen in Nigeria.

Correct A. Rights: Right to vote; Right to education; Right to a fair trial. Duties: Pay taxes; Obey the law; Serve the nation.

B. Rights: Right to free speech; Right to health care; Right to own property. Duties: Vote in elections; Respect cultural heritage; Protect the environment

C. Rights: Right to privacy; Right to work; Right to free assembly. Duties: Pay school fees; Follow traditional customs; Contribute to community projects

D. Rights: Right to travel; Right to information; Right to religious freedom. Duties: Serve in the military; Pay utility bills; Observe national holidays

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5 View Details

Define the value "integrity" and give one practical example of how a citizen can demonstrate integrity in daily life.

A. Integrity is the ability to always obey authority without question. Example: Reporting a neighbor's minor mistake to the police even when it is harmless.

B. Integrity is the habit of keeping personal secrets at all costs. Example: Hiding a found wallet and never returning it to the owner.

C. Integrity means being consistent in appearance and style. Example: Wearing the same uniform every day regardless of the occasion.

Correct D. Integrity is the quality of being honest and adhering to moral principles. Example: Returning a lost wallet to its owner without keeping any money.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 6 View Details

In a jurisdiction, 1,200 criminal cases were filed in a year. Of these, 720 were concluded within the statutory time limit. The rule of law requires at least 70 % of cases to be concluded within the time limit. Did the jurisdiction meet this requirement? If not, calculate the minimum additional cases that must be concluded within the time limit (assuming the total number of cases remains 1,200).

A. Yes; 0

Correct B. No; 120

C. No; 150

D. No; 80

Correct Answer: B

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Question 7 View Details

A public procurement project is valued at \(\text{₦}200\) million. Corruption adds two cost components: a kick‑back of 5 % of the project value and a price inflation of 12 % above market price. A new transparency measure reduces the kick‑back to 2 % and the price inflation to 6 %. Calculate (a) the total monetary saving for the government after the measures, and (b) the percentage reduction in total corruption cost relative to the original situation.

A. ₦20,000,000; 58.82 %

Correct B. ₦18,000,000; 52.94 %

C. ₦15,000,000; 44.12 %

D. ₦18,000,000; 50 %

Correct Answer: B

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Question 8 View Details

Three parties - A, B and C - are in conflict over a resource of 100 units. Their initial demands are 40 %, 35 % and 30 % of the resource respectively. A peace agreement stipulates that each party must receive at least 80 % of its demand, and any remaining units are to be shared equally among the parties whose demand is not fully met. Determine the final allocation (in units) to each party and state whether any party receives more than its original demand.

A. A: 110/3 units, B: 95/3 units, C: 85/3 units; none exceeds its demand

B. A: 40 units, B: 35 units, C: 30 units; none exceeds its demand

C. A: 120/3 units, B: 90/3 units, C: 80/3 units; A exceeds its demand

Correct D. A: 112/3 units, B: 100/3 units, C: 88/3 units; none exceeds its demand

Correct Answer: D

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Question 9 View Details

A city has 250,000 eligible voters. In the last general election, 68 % voted. Of those voters, 55 % also took part in a community clean‑up programme during the same year. The government's target is that at least 30 % of all eligible voters should have performed both voting and clean‑up. Did the target succeed? If it failed, how many additional voters would need to join the clean‑up programme (assuming the number of voters stays the same) to meet the target?

A. No; target not met, 7,500 additional voters needed

Correct B. Yes; target met, no additional voters needed

C. No; target not met, 12,500 additional voters needed

D. Yes; target met, but 2,000 additional voters would improve coverage

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10 View Details

A driver travels a 45 km stretch of road where the speed limit is 80 km/h. The driver's speedometer over‑reads by 5 % (it shows 5 % higher than the actual speed). A traffic camera records the driver's speedometer reading as 84 km/h. The law imposes a fine if the actual speed exceeds the limit by more than 10 %. Determine the driver's actual speed, state whether the fine applies, and give the highest actual speed the driver could have been travelling without incurring the fine (assuming the same over‑read error).

Correct A. Actual speed 80 km/h; no fine; maximum actual speed without fine 88 km/h

B. Actual speed 84 km/h; fine; maximum actual speed without fine 92 km/h

C. Actual speed 80 km/h; fine; maximum actual speed without fine 88 km/h

D. Actual speed 79 km/h; no fine; maximum actual speed without fine 87 km/h

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11 View Details

In Country Z, three statutes are in force: - Statute X imposes a fine of ₦10,000 for holding an unregistered public assembly. The typical fine for a minor offence is ₦1,500. - Statute Y imposes a fine of ₦8,000 for participating in a protest. The typical fine for a comparable minor offence is ₦1,200. - Statute Z imposes a fine of ₦2,000 for holding an unregistered meeting. The typical fine for a comparable minor offence is ₦1,800. A statute is considered inconsistent with the rule of law if it (i) applies only to a specific group, (ii) restricts a fundamental right without provision for judicial review, and (iii) the fine is more than five times the typical fine for a comparable minor offence. Statute X applies only to civil servants, Statute Y only to private‑sector employees, and Statute Z to all citizens. Which statutes are inconsistent with the rule of law?

A. Statutes X and Z

B. Statutes Y and Z

C. Statutes Z

Correct D. Statutes X and Y

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details

A country uses a mixed‑member proportional representation system with a total of 120 seats, of which 80 are constituency seats and 40 are list seats. In the last election the parties obtained the following votes: - Party A: 576,000 votes - Party B: 384,000 votes - Party C: 240,000 votes The total number of valid votes is 1,200,000. Seat allocation is done using the largest‑remainder (Hamilton) method: first compute the quota \(Q = \frac{\text{total votes}}{\text{total seats}}\), then each party receives \(\left\lfloor\frac{\text{party votes}}{Q}\right\rfloor\) seats, and any remaining seats are given one by one to parties with the largest fractional remainders. The constituency results are: Party A wins 55 constituency seats, Party B wins 20, and Party C wins 5. How many list seats does each party receive after the proportional allocation is applied?

Correct A. Party A 3 list seats, Party B 18 list seats, Party C 19 list seats

B. Party A 2 list seats, Party B 20 list seats, Party C 18 list seats

C. Party A 5 list seats, Party B 15 list seats, Party C 20 list seats

D. Party A 4 list seats, Party B 16 list seats, Party C 20 list seats

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13 View Details

A survey of 1,500 citizens asked whether they regularly perform each of four civic responsibilities: voting (V), paying taxes (T), community service (C), and environmental stewardship (E). The numbers of respondents who said "yes" to each activity are: \( |V| = 560,\; |T| = 480,\; |C| = 320,\; |E| = 240.\) The numbers who said "yes" to each pair of activities are: \( |V\cap T| = 200,\; |V\cap C| = 120,\; |V\cap E| = 80,\; |T\cap C| = 100,\; |T\cap E| = 60,\; |C\cap E| = 40.\) The numbers who said "yes" to each triple are: \( |V\cap T\cap C| = 50,\; |V\cap T\cap E| = 30,\; |V\cap C\cap E| = 25,\; |T\cap C\cap E| = 15.\) Finally, 10 respondents said "yes" to all four responsibilities. Using the principle of inclusion-exclusion, how many citizens reported that they do none of the four responsibilities?

A. 410

B. 350

C. 425

Correct D. 390

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

A public‑health study compared drug‑related hospital admissions in two regions over one year. - Region X: population \(1{,}200{,}000\); total admissions \(480\); of these, \(60\%\) involved opioid abuse. - Region Y: population \(950{,}000\); total admissions \(570\); of these, \(70\%\) involved opioid abuse. (a) Compute the incidence rate of admissions per 100 000 population for each region. (b) Compute the relative risk (RR) of admission in Region Y compared with Region X. (c) State the proportion of opioid‑related admissions in each region. (d) Assuming the programme in Region X is the only difference, estimate how many admissions were potentially prevented in Region X by comparing its observed admissions with the number that would be expected if Region X had the same incidence as Region Y. Express this as a percentage reduction. Provide the numerical answers to one decimal place where appropriate.

A. Incidence X = 40.0 per 100 000; Incidence Y = 60.0 per 100 000; RR = 1.4; Opioid proportion X = 60 %; Opioid proportion Y = 70 %; Admissions prevented = 240, representing a 30.0 % reduction

B. Incidence X = 45.0 per 100 000; Incidence Y = 60.0 per 100 000; RR = 1.33; Opioid proportion X = 55 %; Opioid proportion Y = 70 %; Admissions prevented = 240, representing a 33.3 % reduction

C. Incidence X = 40.0 per 100 000; Incidence Y = 60.0 per 100 000; RR = 1.5; Opioid proportion X = 60 %; Opioid proportion Y = 70 %; Admissions prevented = 210, representing a 29.2 % reduction

Correct D. Incidence X = 40.0 per 100 000; Incidence Y = 60.0 per 100 000; RR = 1.5; Opioid proportion X = 60 %; Opioid proportion Y = 70 %; Admissions prevented = 240, representing a 33.3 % reduction

Correct Answer: D

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Question 15 View Details

The national public‑service budget for the fiscal year is ₦2 000 000 000. The budget must be allocated to three sectors—Health (H), Education (E) and Infrastructure (I)—subject to the following constraints: 1. Health must receive at least \(30\%\) of the total budget. 2. Education must receive at least \(20\%\) of the total budget and no more than twice the amount allocated to Health. 3. Infrastructure receives the remainder after Health and Education allocations. If the government wishes to maximise the amount allocated to Infrastructure while respecting all constraints, what are the final allocations (in naira) to Health, Education and Infrastructure?

A. Health ₦600,000,000; Education ₦300,000,000; Infrastructure ₦1,100,000,000

B. Health ₦700,000,000; Education ₦400,000,000; Infrastructure ₦900,000,000

Correct C. Health ₦600,000,000; Education ₦400,000,000; Infrastructure ₦1,000,000,000

D. Health ₦600,000,000; Education ₦500,000,000; Infrastructure ₦900,000,000

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16 View Details

A student values honesty. During a group project, a teammate suggests copying a solution from the internet. According to the value of honesty, what is the most appropriate action for the student to take?

A. Discuss the suggestion with the teammate and decide together.

Correct B. Refuse to copy and inform the teacher about the suggestion.

C. Copy the solution and give credit to the teammate.

D. Copy the solution and keep it secret from the teacher.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17 View Details

In a constituency with 12,000 eligible voters, 4,800 voted for Party A and 3,600 for Party B in the last election. The remaining voters abstained. A new civic‑education campaign aims to increase overall voter turnout by 25 % of the current abstainers. How many additional voters must be persuaded to vote?

A. 3600

B. 1200

C. 600

Correct D. 900

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details

A driver travels a 30 km route that is divided into three equal 10 km sections. The speed limit is 60 km/h throughout. He drives the first section at 80 km/h, the second at 50 km/h, and the third at 70 km/h. Police calculate the average speed over the whole journey; if it exceeds the limit, the fine is ₦5,000 plus ₦200 for each kilometre per hour (rounded down) over the limit. What is the total fine imposed on the driver?

Correct A. ₦5,800

B. ₦5,400

C. ₦6,000

D. ₦5,600

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

A local council has a total budget of ₦2,000,000 to allocate to three services: waste management, road maintenance, and public health. Policy requires at least 30 % of the budget for waste management, no more than 40 % for road maintenance, and waste management must receive exactly twice the amount allocated to public health. Additionally, road maintenance must receive the maximum amount allowed by the policy. Determine the amount allocated to each service.

Correct A. Waste management: ₦800,000; Road maintenance: ₦800,000; Public health: ₦400,000

B. Waste management: ₦750,000; Road maintenance: ₦800,000; Public health: ₦450,000

C. Waste management: ₦850,000; Road maintenance: ₦800,000; Public health: ₦350,000

D. Waste management: ₦800,000; Road maintenance: ₦720,000; Public health: ₦480,000

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20 View Details

A community uses a three‑stage conflict‑resolution process: (1) mediation, (2) arbitration, and (3) reconciliation ceremony. Historical data shows that if mediation succeeds, the conflict is resolved 70 % of the time; if mediation fails but arbitration succeeds, resolution occurs 60 % of the time; if both mediation and arbitration fail, the reconciliation ceremony resolves 50 % of the time. In a particular dispute, the probabilities of success for each stage are: mediation 0.55, arbitration 0.65, reconciliation 0.80 (independent of previous outcomes). What is the overall probability that the dispute will be resolved using this process?

Correct A. 0.624

B. 0.664

C. 0.540

D. 0.574

Correct Answer: A

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Question 21 View Details

State two fundamental duties of a Nigerian citizen as listed in the 1999 Constitution.

A. defending the nation and serving in the military

B. paying taxes and voting in elections

C. voting in elections and serving on juries

Correct D. paying taxes and defending the nation

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

A school's anti‑cult policy states that a first offence results in a \(2\)-year suspension, and each subsequent offence doubles the previous suspension period. In addition, for every year of suspension the student must pay a fine equal to \(5\%\) of the annual tuition fee of \(₦120{,}000\). If a student is caught committing cult activities on three separate occasions, what total amount of fine must the student pay?

A. 96000

B. 126000

Correct C. 84000

D. 72000

Correct Answer: C

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Question 23 View Details

A police officer arrests a peaceful protester without a warrant, invoking the emergency powers clause which permits warrantless arrests only when there is an imminent threat to public safety. The protest was non‑violent and posed no such threat. According to the rule of law, was the arrest lawful or unlawful?

A. conditionally lawful

Correct B. unlawful

C. lawful

D. not applicable

Correct Answer: B

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Question 24 View Details

Under the Anti‑Corruption Act, a public officer who receives a bribe must (i) repay the full amount, (ii) pay a penalty equal to \(150\%\) of the bribe, and (iii) pay income tax at \(24\%\) on the bribe amount. If the officer cooperates with investigators, a \(10\%\) reduction is applied to the penalty only. An officer received a bribe of \(₦500{,}000\). Calculate the total amount the officer must pay to the state.

A. 1370000

Correct B. 1295000

C. 1233000

D. 1300000

Correct Answer: B

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Question 25 View Details

In a recent election there were \(1{,}200{,}000\) eligible voters. A total of \(720{,}000\) votes were cast, of which \(24{,}000\) were invalid. What was the valid voter turnout percentage (rounded to the nearest whole percent)?

A. 48

Correct B. 58

C. 54

D. 62

Correct Answer: B

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