Neco Model Questions Vol1 2025 Geography Question 40

A community faces three hazards with the following 10‑year probabilities of occurrence (P) and potential economic losses (L) in million Naira:\n\n- Flood: \(P=0.12,\; L=45\)\n- Landslide: \(P=0.05,\; L=80\)\n- Drought: \(P=0.20,\; L=30\)\n\nRisk is defined as \(R = P \times L\). Mitigation measures can reduce the probability of each hazard by 30 % (flood), 50 % (landslide) and 10 % (drought) at costs of ₦5 million, ₦12 million and ₦3 million respectively. With a total mitigation budget of ₦15 million, select the combination of measures that yields the greatest total reduction in risk (sum of reductions in \(R\)). State which hazards are mitigated and the total risk reduction achieved (in the same units as \(R\)).