Neco Model Questions Vol1 2023 Biology Question 33

A desert lizard exhibits three adaptations: (i) light‑coloured scales covering 60 % of its dorsal surface, each reflecting 80 % of incident solar radiation; (ii) a specialised kidney that concentrates urine to 1.5 % solute (normal mammalian urine is 0.5 % solute), thereby reducing metabolic water loss and the associated heat production by 10 % of the total solar‑induced heat gain; (iii) burrowing behaviour that limits exposure to direct sunlight to 60 % of the daylight period (daylight = 12 h). If, in the absence of any adaptation, solar radiation would raise the lizard's body temperature by \(5^{\circ}\text{C}\) in a day, estimate the net temperature increase after all three adaptations operate. Give your answer to one decimal place in degrees Celsius.