neco model questions vol1 2022 biology | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
You are given a prepared slide of onion (Allium cepa) epidermal tissue. Using a light microscope with a 40× objective, you observed five cells and recorded their lengths and widths as shown in the table. | Cell | Length (µm) | Width (µm) | |------|-------------|------------| | 1 | 45 | 30 | | 2 | 50 | 32 | | 3 | 48 | 31 | | 4 | 46 | 29 | | 5 | 49 | 30 | Answer the following questions:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average length and the average width of the observed cells.
(b)
Assuming each cell is approximately a rectangular prism whose height equals its width, calculate the average surface‑area‑to‑volume ratio (SA:V) of the cells. Show all steps.
(c)
Based on the SA:V ratio obtained, discuss why a relatively high SA:V ratio is advantageous for plant cells.
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Question 2 View Details
You prepared a fresh root‑tip slide of onion (Allium cepa) stained with 1% aceto‑orcein and examined it under a microscope. From a single field of view you recorded the following numbers of cells in each stage of mitosis: - Prophase: 12 cells - Metaphase: 8 cells - Anaphase: 5 cells - Telophase: 5 cells A total of 200 cells (including interphase cells) were observed in the field. Answer the questions below:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the mitotic index for the observed field.
(b)
Explain what the mitotic index indicates about the growth activity of the onion root tip.
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Question 3 View Details
A student is investigating the carbohydrate content of a locally prepared amala sample using the Benedict’s test.
Question Parts
(a)
Describe the complete procedure for preparing the amala extract and carrying out the Benedict’s test, including at least two safety precautions.
(b)
The following absorbance readings were obtained from three trials after the Benedict’s reaction and dilution to a final volume of 25.0 cm³: Trial 1: 0.312 Trial 2: 0.298 Trial 3: 0.305 A calibration curve prepared with standard glucose solutions is given by: Absorbance = 0.025 × (mg glucose) + 0.005
() Calculate the average concentration of glucose (in mg) present in the extract.
() Using the dilution factor, determine the % (w/w) carbohydrate in the original 5.00 g sample of amala.
(c)
Identify two possible sources of error in this experiment and suggest a method to minimise each error.
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Question 4 View Details
A student investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration in germinating mung‑bean seeds using a sealed syringe connected to a water manometer.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the experimental set‑up, indicating how the change in gas volume is recorded and list two safety precautions.
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