Practice neco model questions vol1 civic_education 2020 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

In a state, the ratio of cases decided under statutory law to those dismissed for violating the rule of law is 4:1. If the total number of criminal cases heard is 300 and \(30\%\) were decided under customary law, how many cases were dismissed for violating the rule of law?

Correct A. 42

B. 30

C. 60

D. 45

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2 View Details

In a state, \(5\%\) of secondary schools reported cultism incidents in 2018. The number of schools with incidents increased by \(20\%\) each subsequent year up to 2021. If there were 200 secondary schools in the state in 2018, how many schools reported cultism incidents in 2021? Additionally, a new policy introduced in 2022 is expected to reduce the annual increase rate by half. Assuming the reduced increase applies from 2022 onward, estimate the number of schools expected to report incidents in 2024.

A. 20 schools in 2021 and 27 schools in 2024

B. 15 schools in 2021 and 21 schools in 2024

C. 18 schools in 2021 and 25 schools in 2024

Correct D. 17 schools in 2021 and 23 schools in 2024

Correct Answer: D

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Question 3 View Details

List three fundamental rights guaranteed to Nigerian citizens by the Constitution.

A. Right to free speech; Right to property; Right to education

B. Right to privacy; Right to travel; Right to religious freedom

Correct C. Right to life; Right to personal liberty; Right to a fair hearing

D. Right to health care; Right to employment; Right to housing

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

A community survey shows that \(40\%\) of eligible voters regularly vote, \(25\%\) attend town hall meetings, and \(15\%\) volunteer for community projects. Assuming these groups are mutually exclusive, what percentage of eligible voters engage in at least one of these civic responsibilities? If the groups overlap such that \(5\%\) both vote and attend meetings, \(3\%\) both vote and volunteer, while \(2\%\) attend meetings and volunteer, and \(1\%\) do all three, what is the actual percentage of eligible voters participating in at least one activity?

A. 68

Correct B. 71

C. 73

D. 75

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

The federal budget allocates \(12\%\) of its total expenditure to public service salaries. In 2020, the total expenditure was ₦15 trillion. Of the salary allocation, \(60\%\) goes to federal civil servants, \(25\%\) to state civil servants, and the remaining to local government employees. If the average salary of a federal civil servant is ₦2.5 million per year, estimate the number of federal civil servants employed in 2020. Additionally, if the government plans to increase the total expenditure by \(8\%\) in 2021 while keeping the same percentage allocations, what will be the new total amount allocated to state civil servants' salaries?

A. 3,600,000 federal civil servants; ₦486,000,000,000 allocated to state civil servants

Correct B. 432,000 federal civil servants; ₦486,000,000,000 allocated to state civil servants

C. 432,000 federal civil servants; ₦4,050,000,000,000 allocated to state civil servants

D. 720,000 federal civil servants; ₦486,000,000,000 allocated to state civil servants

Correct Answer: B

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Question 6 View Details

In a community, tensions between three ethnic groups A, B and C are measured on a scale from 0 to 100. Initially the tensions are: A‑B = 70, B‑C = 50, A‑C = 30. A mediation programme reduces each pair's tension by \(20\%\) of its current value every month. After the reduction, a rumor increases the tension of the pair that now has the highest tension by 5 points. The process repeats each month. How many months will pass before the tensions of all three pairs are each below 20?

A. 8 months; the tensions will be below 20 within eight months

Correct B. Never; the tensions will never all fall below 20

C. 15 months; the tensions will all drop below 20 after just over a year

D. 3 months; the tensions will fall below 20 after three months

Correct Answer: B

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Question 7 View Details

A nationwide survey of 1 200 citizens asked whether they regularly perform four civic responsibilities: (i) vote in elections, (ii) attend community meetings, (iii) volunteer for public service, and (iv) take part in peaceful protests. The responses were: 68 % vote, 45 % attend meetings, 30 % volunteer, and 22 % protest. A candidate claims that the average citizen fulfills 2.5 of these responsibilities. Assuming the four activities are independent, calculate the average number of responsibilities performed per citizen and state whether the candidate's claim is correct.

Correct A. 1.65; the claim is false

B. 2.0; the claim is true

C. 2.5; the claim is true

D. 1.85; the claim is false

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8 View Details

The number of eligible voters in a country is constant at 2 000 000. Voter turnout in three consecutive general elections was: 2015 - 1 200 000 votes, 2019 - 1 380 000 votes, 2023 - 1 560 000 votes. (a) Compute the turnout percentage for each election. (b) Identify the election interval that experienced the greatest relative increase in turnout percentage. (c) If the electorate is projected to rise to 2 200 000 in the 2027 election, how many additional voters must turn out compared with 2023 to achieve a 75 % turnout in 2027?

A. 60 %, 68 %, 78 %; 2019‑2023 interval; 80 000 additional voters

B. 60 %, 69 %, 77 %; 2015‑2019 interval; 90 000 additional voters

C. 58 %, 69 %, 78 %; 2015‑2019 interval; 100 000 additional voters

Correct D. 60 %, 69 %, 78 %; 2015‑2019 interval; 90 000 additional voters

Correct Answer: D

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Question 9 View Details

A local government official earns a monthly salary of \(\text{₦}150{,}000\). He may accept bribes for processing permits, each bribe giving \(\text{₦}20{,}000\). If he processes more than 5 permits in a month, the probability of being caught that month is 5 %; a conviction incurs a fine of \(\text{₦}500{,}000\) and a two‑month suspension (no salary). Assuming the fine is paid immediately in the month of detection, determine the number of permits \(n\) the official should process each month to maximise his expected net monthly income (salary + bribes - expected fine). State whether the optimal \(n\) is above the risk threshold of 5 permits.

Correct A. 5 permits; it is exactly at the threshold, not above

B. 4 permits; it is below the threshold

C. 6 permits; it is above the threshold

D. 5 permits; it is above the threshold, not at the threshold

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10 View Details

The government has \(\text{₦}1{,}200{,}000\) to fund three conflict‑resolution programmes: Mediation (M) costs \(\text{₦}200{,}000\) per conflict and has a 70 % success rate; Truth Commission (T) costs \(\text{₦}150{,}000\) per conflict with a 55 % success rate; Community Dialogue (C) costs \(\text{₦}100{,}000\) per conflict with a 40 % success rate. Each conflict can be assigned to only one programme and the numbers of conflicts assigned to each programme must be whole numbers. Determine the allocation (numbers of conflicts for M, T and C) that maximises the expected number of resolved conflicts, and give the maximum expected number.

A. M=4, T=0, C=4; maximum expected resolved conflicts = 4.4

Correct B. M=0, T=0, C=12; maximum expected resolved conflicts = 4.8

C. M=3, T=0, C=6; maximum expected resolved conflicts = 4.5

D. M=2, T=0, C=8; maximum expected resolved conflicts = 4.6

Correct Answer: B

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Question 11 View Details

A university expelled a student for taking part in a peaceful protest against a tuition hike, citing "disruption of academic activities". The student claims a violation of constitutional rights. The Constitution guarantees freedom of expression and assembly, subject to reasonable restrictions in the interest of public order, health, morals, or the rights of others, and the university policy requires prior written permission for any protest. Is the expulsion a violation of a constitutional right? If yes, identify the specific right and state the constitutional test that must be applied. Answer in the format: "Right: ___; Test: ___".

Correct A. Right: Freedom of expression; Test: reasonable restriction test

B. Right: Freedom of expression; Test: proportionality test

C. Right: Freedom of speech; Test: reasonable restriction test

D. Right: Freedom of assembly; Test: reasonable restriction test

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12 View Details

The National Assembly has 109 Senate seats and 360 House seats. To amend the Constitution a bill must obtain at least a two‑thirds majority in each chamber. In a proposed amendment, 70 senators voted "yes", 20 voted "no" and 19 were absent. In the House, 240 voted "yes", 80 voted "no" and 40 were absent. Did the amendment meet the two‑thirds requirement in each chamber? If not, calculate the minimum additional "yes" votes needed in each chamber (assuming all absent members could have voted "yes") to reach the threshold. Provide the answer as "Senate: X, House: Y".

A. Senate: 5, House: 2

B. Senate: 0, House: 0

C. Senate: 3, House: 1

Correct D. Senate: 3, House: 0

Correct Answer: D

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Question 13 View Details

A community experiences recurring clashes between two ethnic groups over land ownership. The local government proposes a three‑phase peace process: Phase 1 - a joint committee verifies historical land titles (4 weeks); Phase 2 - mediated dialogue sessions, each lasting 2 days, with a total of 6 sessions; Phase 3 - ratification of a land‑sharing agreement by both groups' traditional councils, each meeting once a month, and the agreement must be ratified within 3 months of the last dialogue session. The current month is March and the joint committee starts work immediately. Assuming verification can continue while dialogue sessions are held, but ratification cannot begin until after the final dialogue session, in which calendar month can the agreement be fully ratified? Answer with the month name only.

A. May

Correct B. April

C. March

D. June

Correct Answer: B

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Question 14 View Details

A driver accumulated the following offences in order over a 12‑month period: Speeding (over 20 km/h) - base fine \(\text{₦}15{,}000\); Driving without seatbelt - base fine \(\text{₦}5{,}000\); Speeding - base fine \(\text{₦}15{,}000\); Running a red light - base fine \(\text{₦}20{,}000\); Using a mobile phone while driving - base fine \(\text{₦}10{,}000\). The Traffic Act adds a surcharge of 10 % on the total fine for each offence after the first (i.e., the second offence gets a 10 % surcharge, the third 20 %, the fourth 30 %, the fifth 40 %). If the cumulative fine (including surcharges) exceeds \(\text{₦}100{,}000\), the driver's licence is suspended for 3 months. Calculate the total payable fine (including all surcharges) and state whether the licence is suspended. Provide the answer as "Fine: \(\text{₦}X\); Suspension: Yes/No".

Correct A. Fine: ₦78,500; Suspension: No

B. Fine: ₦85,500; Suspension: No

C. Fine: ₦78,500; Suspension: Yes

D. Fine: ₦80,000; Suspension: No

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15 View Details

Nigeria ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1992. Article 19 of the ICCPR guarantees the right to freedom of expression but permits restrictions that are "provided by law" and "necessary for respect of the rights or reputations of others". In 2020 a new law criminalised any statement that "undermines national unity" with a penalty of up to 5 years imprisonment, and 12 persons have been convicted under it. Considering Article 19 and the principle of "necessity", is the 2020 law compatible with Nigeria's international obligations? Answer "Compatible" or "Incompatible".

Correct A. Incompatible

B. Uncertain

C. Compatible

D. Partially compatible

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16 View Details

In a mixed‑member proportional parliamentary system, 60% of the seats are filled from single‑member constituencies and the remaining 40% from party‑list allocations. A parliament has a total of (200) seats. If a political party wins (30\%\) of the constituency seats and receives (45\%\) of the party‑list votes, how many seats in total does the party obtain?

A. 60 seats

B. 80 seats

Correct C. 72 seats

D. 68 seats

Correct Answer: C

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Question 17 View Details

A local government ward has (5{,}000) registered voters. To be eligible to vote in the ward election, a citizen must be at least 18 years old and must have resided in the ward for a minimum of six months. If (60\%\) of the registered voters are 18 years or older and, among those, (80\%\) have lived in the ward for at least six months, how many voters are eligible to vote?

A. 2{,}000 voters

Correct B. 2{,}400 voters

C. 3{,}000 voters

D. 1{,}800 voters

Correct Answer: B

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Question 18 View Details

A driver commits three traffic offences in a single trip: (i) speeding 20 km/h over the limit (fine \(\text{₦}15{,}000\), 3 demerit points), (ii) running a red light (fine \(\text{₦}20{,}000\), 4 points), and (iii) using a mobile phone while driving (fine \(\text{₦}10{,}000\), 2 points). The driver already has 5 demerit points from a previous offence within the same 12‑month period. Under the law, accumulation of 12 or more points in a year results in a six‑month licence suspension, and a total fine exceeding \(\text{₦}30{,}000\) mandates a court appearance. Determine (a) whether the driver's licence will be suspended, and (b) whether the driver must appear in court.

A. Licence suspended for six months; no court appearance required

B. Licence not suspended; court appearance required

Correct C. Licence suspended for six months; court appearance required

D. Licence not suspended; no court appearance required

Correct Answer: C

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Question 19 View Details

Under Section 23 of the Criminal Code Act, a person found guilty of organising a cult that recruits minors faces a maximum penalty of 10 years imprisonment, a fine up to \(\text{₦}5{,}000{,}000\), or both. The court may also order a mandatory 12‑month rehabilitation programme if minors were recruited. In a case where the accused recruited three minors, the judge imposes the maximum fine, half of the maximum imprisonment term, and the rehabilitation programme. State the total length of imprisonment in months and the total monetary penalty imposed.

A. 60 months imprisonment and \(\text{₦}2{,}500{,}000\) fine

B. 30 months imprisonment and \(\text{₦}5{,}000{,}000\) fine

Correct C. 60 months imprisonment and \(\text{₦}5{,}000{,}000\) fine

D. 45 months imprisonment and \(\text{₦}5{,}000{,}000\) fine

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

A driver travels through three consecutive speed‑limit zones: Zone A (limit \(50\) km/h) for \(8\) km, Zone B (limit \(80\) km/h) for \(12\) km, and Zone C (limit \(60\) km/h) for \(10\) km. The driver maintains a constant speed of \(70\) km/h throughout the journey. The fine for each zone is \(\text{₦}5{,}000\) per km/h over the limit. If the total excess speed across all zones exceeds \(15\) km/h, an additional penalty of \(\text{₦}20{,}000\) is added. Calculate the total fine the driver must pay.

A. \(\text{₦}210{,}000\)

Correct B. \(\text{₦}170{,}000\)

C. \(\text{₦}190{,}000\)

D. \(\text{₦}150{,}000\)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21 View Details

In a school, \(120\) students participated in a values competition. \(30\%\) chose honesty as their theme, and the number who chose patriotism was twice the number who chose honesty. How many students chose patriotism?

Correct A. 72

B. 36

C. 60

D. 108

Correct Answer: A

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Question 22 View Details

A state passes Law X that requires all religious organisations to register and pay a fee of \(\text{₦}5,000\) annually. The Federal Constitution guarantees freedom of religion under \(Section\ 38\) and vests exclusive power of taxation in the federal government under \(Section\ 44\). Is Law X constitutional? Answer "Yes" or "No".

A. Yes

B. Yes, it is constitutional

Correct C. No

D. Yes, it is valid

Correct Answer: C

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Question 23 View Details

A survey of \(360\) Nigerians asked what the green colour in the national flag symbolizes. The number who said "agriculture" is twice the number who said "natural resources", and the number who said "other" is \(20\) less than the number who said "natural resources". How many respondents chose "other"?

A. 70

B. 65

C. 80

Correct D. 75

Correct Answer: D

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Question 24 View Details

In 2018, \(12\%\) of secondary school students reported using cannabis. After a nationwide anti‑drug campaign launched in 2019, a 2021 survey of \(1500\) students shows \(8\%\) usage. The government set a target to reduce usage by at least \(30\%\) from the 2018 level by 2022. Did the campaign achieve the target? Show your calculations and answer "Yes" or "No".

Correct A. Yes

B. No

C. Maybe

D. Uncertain

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25 View Details

A school mural covering an area of \(6\) m\(^2\) is to display three elements: the national flag (40% of the area), the coat of arms (25% of the area), and the lyrics of the national anthem (the remaining area). If the coat of arms is reproduced as a perfect square, what is the length of each side of the square in metres? Give your answer to three decimal places.

Correct A. 1.225

B. 1.500

C. 1.095

D. 1.342

Correct Answer: A

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