Neco Model Questions Vol1 2018 Biology Question 4

A 70 kg adult has a basal metabolic heat production of \(80\ \text{W}\). In a cold environment (\(5^{\circ}\text{C}\)) the body loses heat by convection according to \(Q = hA(T_{\text{body}}-T_{\text{env}})\) where the heat‑transfer coefficient \(h = 10\ \text{W m}^{-2}\,^{\circ}\text{C}^{-1}\) and the effective body surface area \(A = 1.8\ \text{m}^2\). The sympathetic nervous system can increase metabolic heat production up to 300 % of the basal rate (i.e., a maximum of \(4 \times 80 = 320\ \text{W}\)). (i) Determine the heat loss that would occur if the core temperature remained at the normal \(37^{\circ}\text{C}\). (ii) Is the maximum metabolic heat production sufficient to maintain \(37^{\circ}\text{C}\)? (iii) If the body produces the maximum metabolic heat, calculate the new steady‑state core temperature.