neco 2024 islamic_religious_studies | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Surah Al‑Fatiha and Surah Al‑Mulk are among the most frequently recited chapters of the Qur'an.
Question Parts
(a)
Summarise the main theological theme of each Surah in no more than eighty (80) words.
(b)
Explain how the circumstances of revelation (Asbāb al‑Nuzūl) for each Surah influence its message.
(c)
Using two reputable classical commentaries (e.g., Tafsir Ibn Kathir and Tafsir al‑Qurṭubī), compare one specific verse from each Surah, highlighting any difference in interpretation and the reason for it.
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Question 2 View Details
The hadith collection Sunan Abu Dawud includes a report concerning the permissibility of using a mobile phone for religious reminders.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the three principal categories of hadith classification (ṣaḥīḥ, ḥasan, ḍaʿīf) and list the three essential conditions that must be fulfilled for a hadith to be regarded as ṣaḥīḥ.
(b)
The isnād of the report is as follows: Imam Abu Dawud heard it from ʿAbdullāh ibn Muḥammad, who heard it from Zayd ibn ʿAbdullāh, who heard it from ʿUbayy ibn al‑Khaṭṭāb. Evaluate the chain using the criteria in part (a) and state the likely classification of the hadith.
() Identify any weakness in the chain.
() State the final classification of the hadith.
(c)
Based on the classification in part (b), discuss two possible fiqh rulings that scholars might derive from the report, and indicate which ruling would be preferred if the hadith were classified as ḍaʿīf.
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Question 3 View Details
Explain the doctrine of Tawhid (Oneness of Allah) in Islam. In your answer:
Question Parts
(a)
Define Tawhid and outline its three categories.
(b)
Discuss how each category of Tawhid influences the belief and daily practice of a Muslim, giving at least one concrete example for each category.
(c)
Summarise why Tawhid is described as the foundation of the Islamic creed.
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Question 4 View Details
Analyse the six Articles of Faith (Iman) in Islam. In your response:
Question Parts
(a)
List the six articles of faith and give a brief definition of each.
(b)
Explain how these articles interrelate to form a coherent belief system, citing at least two Qurʾānic verses and one Prophetic tradition that illustrate the connection.
(c)
Reflect on the practical significance of firm belief in the Articles of Faith for a Muslim’s moral conduct and societal responsibilities.
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Question 5 View Details
The practice of worship (Ibadah) in Islam is anchored on several pillars that shape the spiritual and social life of Muslims.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the obligatory conditions (rukn) of the five daily prayers (Salah) and illustrate how each condition contributes to the validity of the prayer.
(b)
Discuss the categories of wealth subject to Zakat, the nisab threshold, and the social objectives behind its institution.
(c)
Considering a contemporary Muslim community where attendance at congregational prayer has declined, propose a three‑step plan that integrates religious teaching and community engagement to revitalize participation. Justify each step.
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Question 6 View Details
Shariah law has evolved through various sources and scholarly methods since the advent of Islam.
Question Parts
(a)
Distinguish between primary sources (Qur'an and Sunnah) and secondary sources (Ijma, Qiyas) of Islamic law, giving one example of a ruling derived from each source.
(b)
Outline the historical development of the four Sunni schools of jurisprudence (madhahib), highlighting the role of a key founder for each school.
(c)
A modern issue: the permissibility of using digital financial services (e.g., mobile money) for interest‑free transactions. Using the hierarchy of sources, determine which source(s) a scholar would primarily consult and briefly justify the conclusion.
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Question 7 View Details
Umar, a 28‑year‑old Muslim man, wishes to marry Aisha, a 22‑year‑old Muslim woman. Aisha’s father refuses to give his consent (wali) because he believes Umar is not financially stable. Umar offers to pay a mahr of ₦150,000 and promises to support Aisha, but the father still declines. Aisha approaches a local Islamic scholar who advises her that she may contract the marriage without her father’s consent if certain conditions are met.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the essential Islamic legal requirements for a valid nikah according to the mainstream Sunni schools. (i) List the indispensable elements; (ii) Explain the specific role of the wali in the marriage of a virgin woman.
(b)
Analyse whether the marriage between Umar and Aisha can be considered valid if it proceeds without the father’s consent, citing the relevant jurisprudential opinions of the major Sunni schools.
(c)
Recommend the steps Aisha should take to ensure that her marriage to Umar is recognised both religiously and under Nigerian law, taking into account the requirements of Sharia and the Nigerian legal framework for marriage registration.
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Question 8 View Details
Fatima and Bilal entered into a partnership (musharakah) to import and sell electronic goods. Fatima contributed ₦2,000,000 and Bilal contributed ₦1,500,000. They agreed to share profit and loss in proportion to capital. After six months, Bilal sold goods worth ₦800,000 without Fatima’s consent and kept the proceeds. Fatima discovered the loss and reported Bilal to the Shariah court, alleging theft (sariqa) and breach of partnership.
Question Parts
(a)
Discuss the elements required to establish the offence of theft (sariqa) under Islamic criminal law. (i) State the necessary conditions; (ii) Outline the prescribed punishments and any mitigating factors recognised by the classical jurists.
(b)
Evaluate Bilal’s actions in relation to the partnership agreement and determine the civil remedies available to Fatima under Islamic commercial law.
(c)
Propose a comprehensive resolution that the Shariah court could order, incorporating both criminal and commercial aspects, and explain how the resolution aligns with the principles of justice (adl) and public interest (maslaha).
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