A sandstone has a porosity of 15% and is composed of quartz grains (density $2.65\,\text{g/cm}^3$). The pore space is filled with water (density $1.00\,\text{g/cm}^3$). Compute the bulk density of the sandstone. Then, if the sandstone is cemented with calcite (density $2.71\,\text{g/cm}^3$) occupying 5% of the total volume (reducing porosity accordingly), compute the new bulk density and state whether the rock would be classified as a "tight sandstone" (bulk density $\ge 2.5\,\text{g/cm}^3$).

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Initial bulk density = 2.4025 g/cm³; after cementation bulk density = 2.488 g/cm³, which is less than 2.5 g/cm³, so the rock is not a tight sandstone.

Neco 2024 Geography Question 1

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