Practice neco geography 2024 Past Questions | Edcrib

Question 1 View Details

A sandstone has a porosity of 15% and is composed of quartz grains (density \(2.65\,\text{g/cm}^3\)). The pore space is filled with water (density \(1.00\,\text{g/cm}^3\)). Compute the bulk density of the sandstone. Then, if the sandstone is cemented with calcite (density \(2.71\,\text{g/cm}^3\)) occupying 5% of the total volume (reducing porosity accordingly), compute the new bulk density and state whether the rock would be classified as a "tight sandstone" (bulk density \(\ge 2.5\,\text{g/cm}^3\)).

Correct A. Initial bulk density = 2.4025 g/cm³; after cementation bulk density = 2.488 g/cm³, which is less than 2.5 g/cm³, so the rock is not a tight sandstone.

B. Initial bulk density = 2.4200 g\/cm³; after cementation bulk density = 2.470 g\/cm³, which is less than 2.5 g\/cm³, so the rock is not a tight sandstone.

C. Initial bulk density = 2.3500 g\/cm³; after cementation bulk density = 2.530 g\/cm³, which is greater than 2.5 g\/cm³, so the rock is a tight sandstone.

D. Initial bulk density = 2.4025 g\/cm³; after cementation bulk density = 2.600 g\/cm³, which exceeds 2.5 g\/cm³, classifying the rock as a tight sandstone.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2 View Details

A map of Nigeria uses a scale of 1:250,000. On this map a river measures 12 cm in length. (a) What is the actual length of the river in kilometres? (b) If another map of the same area uses a scale of 1:500,000, what length would the river appear on that map (in centimetres)?

Correct A. (a) 30 km; (b) 6 cm.

B. (a) 24 km; (b) 9 cm.

C. (a) 60 km; (b) 3 cm.

D. (a) 15 km; (b) 12 cm.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 3 View Details

A canyon is 150 m deep. The river that formed it erodes vertically at an average rate of 0.5 mm per year, but during flood years (occurring every 5 years) the erosion rate triples for that year only. Assuming this pattern continues, estimate the total time required for the canyon to reach its present depth (in years, rounded to the nearest whole year).

A. Approximately 200,000 years.

B. Approximately 250,000 years.

Correct C. Approximately 214,286 years.

D. Approximately 300,000 years.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

Nigeria has three climatic zones with the following annual rainfall ranges: Sahel (300-600 mm), Sudanian (600-1200 mm) and Rainforest (1200-2000 mm). An agricultural project requires a minimum rainfall of 800 mm and a population density not exceeding 150 persons km⁻² to ensure sufficient land availability. The data for three states are:\n\n- State A: rainfall 900 mm, population 5 000 000, area 30 000 km²;\n- State B: rainfall 850 mm, population 2 500 000, area 20 000 km²;\n- State C: rainfall 1 300 mm, population 8 000 000, area 50 000 km².\n\n(a) Which state(s) satisfy both criteria if the project is implemented in a single state? (b) If the project can be carried out in a combination of two states, provided that each selected state meets the rainfall requirement and the weighted‑average population density of the combined area does not exceed 150 persons km⁻², identify the feasible combination that yields the maximum total suitable area.

A. (a) Only State C meets both criteria (area = 50 000 km²). (b) The combination of State A and State C satisfies the rainfall condition and has a weighted‑average density of 160 persons km⁻², giving a total suitable area of 80 000 km², which is the maximum achievable.

B. (a) Only State A meets both criteria (area = 30 000 km²). (b) The combination of State A and State B satisfies the rainfall condition and has a weighted‑average density of 140 persons km⁻², giving a total suitable area of 50 000 km², which is the maximum achievable.

Correct C. (a) Only State B meets both criteria (area = 20 000 km²). (b) The combination of State B and State C satisfies the rainfall condition and has a weighted‑average density of 150 persons km⁻², giving a total suitable area of 70 000 km², which is the maximum achievable.

D. (a) No state meets both criteria. (b) The combination of State A and State B satisfies the rainfall condition and has a weighted‑average density of 150 persons km⁻², giving a total suitable area of 60 000 km², which is the maximum achievable.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 5 View Details

A topographic map has a scale of 1 cm : 250 m. On the map a lake appears as a circle with a diameter of 4 cm. Calculate the actual surface area of the lake in hectares (1 ha = 10 000 m²). Use \(\pi \approx 3.1416\).

A. Approximately 63.0 ha.

Correct B. Approximately 78.5 ha.

C. Approximately 85.0 ha.

D. Approximately 70.2 ha.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 6 View Details

A town occupies an area of \( \text{km}^2 \) of 150. Its current population is 300,000 and it grows at a constant annual rate of 2.5% (compounded). The government wants the population density to stay below 2,500 persons per \( \text{km}^2 \). In how many whole years will the density first exceed this limit? Give the smallest integer number of years.

Correct A. 10

B. 12

C. 11

D. 9

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7 View Details

A river basin covers 250 km\(^2\). During a severe storm it receives 120 mm of rain in 24 hours. The runoff coefficient for the basin is 0.6.\n(a) Calculate the total runoff volume (in million cubic metres) generated by the storm.\n(b) A dam downstream can store 30 million m\(^3\). Will the dam be sufficient to prevent flooding?\n(c) If the dam capacity is increased by 20%, what additional rainfall (in mm) could be safely absorbed without causing overflow?

Correct A. 40

B. 50

C. 30

D. 45

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8 View Details

The weather diagram shows three horizontal isobars labelled 1000 hPa (west), 1010 hPa (centre) and 1020 hPa (east). A blue line with triangles pointing east crosses the centre of the map, indicating a cold front. Point P is marked between the 1000 hPa and 1010 hPa isobars.\nBased on the diagram, state the wind direction at point P (using the geostrophic wind rule) and identify the type of front shown.

A. Southward wind; cold front

B. Southward wind; warm front

Correct C. Northward wind; cold front

D. Northward wind; warm front

Correct Answer: C

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Question 9 View Details

A. 260

B. 285

Correct C. 271

D. 295

Correct Answer: C

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Question 10 View Details

A 200‑kg sample of mixed sedimentary rock consists of 40% limestone, 35% sandstone and the remainder shale. During weathering, limestone loses 10% of its mass, sandstone loses 5%, and shale loses 20%.\n(a) Determine the final mass (kg) of each component after weathering.\n(b) What is the percentage of sandstone in the remaining material (rounded to one decimal place)?

Correct A. 37.3

B. 38.5

C. 35.0

D. 40.2

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11 View Details

Town A had a population of 120,000 in 2010 and 150,000 in 2015. Assuming exponential growth, determine the annual growth rate (to three decimal places). Then, using this rate, estimate Town A's population in 2025. Town B had a population of 200,000 in 2010 and grows at a constant 2\% per year. Which town will have the larger population in 2025? State the town name (Town A or Town B).

A. Town A

B. Town D

Correct C. Town B

D. Town C

Correct Answer: C

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Question 12 View Details

On a map the distance between City A and City B is measured as 3.2\,cm. The map scale is 1\,cm : 5\,km. If a vehicle travels from A to B at an average speed of 60\,km/h, how many minutes will the journey take?

A. 12

B. 24

C. 20

Correct D. 16

Correct Answer: D

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Question 13 View Details

A cargo can be moved from City X to City Z by two possible routes. Route 1 passes through City Y, covering a total distance of 480\,km, with an average speed of 60\,km/h and a toll cost of \u20a4 12,000. Route 2 is a new highway that connects X directly to Z, has no tolls, and reduces travel time by 25\% compared with Route 1. The transport company charges \u20a4 150 per kilometre for fuel. What is the greatest integer length (in km) that the new highway can have while still keeping the total cost (fuel only) lower than the total cost of Route 1?

A. 525

B. 590

C. 560

Correct D. 559

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

A river descends from a plateau at an elevation of 800\,m to a plain at 200\,m over a horizontal distance of 12\,km. Calculate the average gradient of the river as a percentage, and classify the river section as gentle, moderate, or steep using the following criteria: gentle \(< 2\%\), moderate \(2\%\)-\(5\%\), steep \(> 5\%\).

A. 6% steep

Correct B. 5% moderate

C. 4% moderate

D. 5% steep

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15 View Details

The following monthly rainfall (in mm) and average monthly temperature (in \(^\circ\)C) are recorded for Region X:\n\nRainfall (mm): Jan 120, Feb 110, Mar 150, Apr 200, May 250, Jun 300, Jul 320, Aug 310, Sep 260, Oct 200, Nov 150, Dec 130.\nTemperature (\(^\circ\)C): Jan 27, Feb 28, Mar 28, Apr 26, May 24, Jun 22, Jul 21, Aug 22, Sep 24, Oct 26, Nov 27, Dec 27.\n\nCalculate the mean annual rainfall and the mean annual temperature. Using the Köppen climate classification, a tropical rainforest climate (Af) requires a mean annual rainfall of at least 2000\,mm and a mean annual temperature of at least 24\,\(^\circ\)C. Does Region X qualify as an Af climate? State the classification (Af or other).

A. Aw

Correct B. Af

C. Am

D. Cfa

Correct Answer: B

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Question 16 View Details

City A is located at \(5^{\circ}\text{N}, 10^{\circ}\text{E}\) and City B at \(12^{\circ}\text{S}, 30^{\circ}\text{W}\). Using the spherical law of cosines and taking the Earth\'s radius as 6371\,km, calculate the great‑circle distance between the two cities, giving your answer to the nearest kilometre.

A. 4925

B. 4700

C. 5300

Correct D. 4810

Correct Answer: D

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Question 17 View Details

At 6:00\,am the temperature in City X is \(24^{\circ}\text{C}\) and the relative humidity is 80\%. Assuming the dew‑point temperature remains constant throughout the day, determine the relative humidity at the time of maximum temperature of \(35^{\circ}\text{C}\). Use the Magnus formula with constants \(a = 17.27\) and \(b = 237.7\) (°C).

A. 38

B. 48

C. 55

Correct D. 43

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details

The map shows three towns with the following coordinates: Town A (5° N, 10° E), Town B (3° S, 12° E), Town C (2° N, 8° W). Which town is closest to the equator?

Correct A. Town C

B. Town B

C. Town D

D. Town A

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

A rectangular open channel has a bottom width of 12 m and a flow depth of 3 m. The channel slope is 0.001 and the Manning roughness coefficient is 0.035. Using Manning's equation, calculate the mean velocity of flow and then determine the time required for a water parcel to travel 15 km downstream. Give the travel time in hours to one decimal place.

A. 3.2

B. 2.5

C. 1.8

Correct D. 2.9

Correct Answer: D

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Question 20 View Details

A soil sample contains 30 % sand, 45 % silt and 25 % clay. (a) Identify its textural class using the USDA soil texture triangle. (b) Using the empirical relations \(FC = 0.2\,\%\text{clay} + 0.1\,\%\text{silt} + 0.05\,\%\text{sand}\) and \(WP = 0.1\,\%\text{clay} + 0.05\,\%\text{silt} + 0.02\,\%\text{sand}\), calculate the field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP) and the available water capacity (AWC = FC - WP) of the soil, expressing the results as percentages to one decimal place.

A. Sandy loam; FC = 10.0%; WP = 4.5%; AWC = 5.5%

B. Loam; FC = 12.0%; WP = 6.0%; AWC = 6.0%

C. Clay loam; FC = 13.5%; WP = 7.0%; AWC = 6.5%

Correct D. Silty loam; FC = 11.0%; WP = 5.4%; AWC = 5.7%

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

The town of Lagos lies at \(6^{\circ} 30' \text{ N}, 3^{\circ} 25' \text{ E}\). State the hemispheres (Northern or Southern, Eastern or Western) in which Lagos is located.

A. Southern Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere

B. Southern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere

C. Northern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere

Correct D. Northern Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

A coastal community can choose between two erosion‑control measures. Option A: build a seawall costing \(12{,}000{,}000\) naira that reduces annual coastal erosion by 80\%. Option B: plant mangroves costing \(5{,}000{,}000\) naira that reduces annual erosion by 50\%. If, without any measure, the coastline would lose \(100\) hectares each year, which option is more cost‑effective over a 10‑year period? Show all calculations.

Correct A. Option B (mangrove planting) is more cost‑effective

B. Option A (seawall construction) is more cost‑effective

C. Both options are equally cost‑effective

D. Option B (mangrove planting) is less cost‑effective

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23 View Details

A state covers \(30{,}000\) km\(^2\). Climate data show that 20\% of the area receives more than \(2000\) mm of annual rainfall (rainforest), 45\% receives between \(1000\) mm and \(2000\) mm (savanna) and the remainder receives less than \(1000\) mm (grassland). The biodiversity index values are: rainforest = 9, savanna = 6, grassland = 4. Calculate the area (km\(^2\)) of each vegetation zone and determine which zone contributes the greatest amount to the state's overall biodiversity (area × index).

Correct A. Savanna zone contributes the most to overall biodiversity

B. All zones contribute equally to overall biodiversity

C. Grassland zone contributes the most to overall biodiversity

D. Rainforest zone contributes the most to overall biodiversity

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24 View Details

A topographic map has a contour interval of 20 m and a scale of 1 cm : 200 m. On the map the straight‑line distance between points A and B measures 2.5 cm and there are four contour lines between them (including the line through A but not B). Elevation at A is 120 m.\n\n(a) Find the actual horizontal distance between A and B in metres.\n(b) Determine the elevation of point B.\n(c) Calculate the average gradient (%) of the direct route from A to B.\n(d) A road must not exceed a gradient of 10%. An alternative route is drawn on the map 6.0 cm longer than the direct line. Does the alternative route satisfy the gradient limit? Show all work.

A. a) 500 m; b) 180 m; c) 16%; d) Gradient ≈ 4.7%, which is acceptable

B. a) 500 m; b) 200 m; c) 16%; d) Gradient ≈ 11.0%, which exceeds the limit

Correct C. a) 500 m; b) 200 m; c) 16%; d) Gradient ≈ 4.7%, which is acceptable

D. a) 500 m; b) 200 m; c) 12%; d) Gradient ≈ 4.7%, which is acceptable

Correct Answer: C

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Question 25 View Details

The schematic map shows three towns A, B and C. The road AB is marked as 40 km, the road AC as 30 km and the angle between them at town A is \(60^{\circ}\). Using the map, calculate the distance between towns B and C to two decimal places.

A. 42.00

Correct B. 36.06

C. 34.12

D. 39.87

Correct Answer: B

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