neco 2024 geography | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
The map below shows three towns (A, B and C), a river and the road network connecting the towns. The scale of the map is 1 cm = 200 metres. Road AB is drawn as a straight line measuring 6 cm on the map. Road BC is drawn as a straight line measuring 4 cm on the map. Town C lies directly on the north bank of the river, while towns A and B are inland.
Question Parts
(a)
State which town is nearest to the river and justify your answer using the map.
(b)
Calculate the actual ground distance between towns A and B.
(c)
If a person travels from A to C via B, what is the total distance travelled on the ground?
(d)
The map shows that Road AB runs in a direction 30° east of north. Express this bearing in the conventional three‑figure bearing notation.
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Question 2 View Details
The map below depicts a small district with a rectangular park, a river, and several roads. The map scale is 1 cm = 250 metres. The park is shown as a rectangle measuring 5 cm by 2 cm. Road DE is drawn as a straight line of length 3.6 cm connecting towns D and E. A walking trail runs around the park at a constant distance of 2 cm from the park boundary (the trail is not shown on the map).
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the actual length of Road DE in kilometres.
(b)
Determine the actual area of the park in hectares.
(c)
Find the actual length of the walking trail that encircles the park at a constant distance of 2 cm from the park boundary. Give your answer in kilometres, rounded to two decimal places.
(d)
If the map scale were changed to 1 cm = 500 metres, what would be the length of Road DE on the new map (in centimetres)?
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Question 3 View Details
The city of Lagos is situated at 6°27' N, 3°24' E while the capital city Abuja lies at 9°04' N, 7°29' E.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the approximate north‑south distance between Lagos and Abuja. (Assume 1° latitude = 111 km).
(b)
Estimate the east‑west distance between the two cities using the difference in longitude. Use the average latitude of the two cities and the relation 1° longitude = 111 km × cos(average latitude). Show all steps.
(c)
Combine the north‑south and east‑west distances to estimate the straight‑line distance between Lagos and Abuja. State the method used.
(d)
Discuss two geographical factors that could cause the actual road distance between Lagos and Abuja to be greater than the straight‑line distance you have calculated.
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Question 4 View Details
A coastal town recorded the following daily maximum temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) during the first week of June:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average maximum temperature for the week and the temperature range (difference between the highest and lowest maximum temperatures). Show your working.
(b)
Using the simplified heat‑index formula HI = T + 0.33·RH – 0.70·V – 4.00, where T is the maximum temperature (°C), RH is the relative humidity (%), and V is the wind speed (assume a constant 2 m s⁻¹ for all days), calculate the heat‑index for each day and state which day experienced the highest heat‑index.
(c)
Explain how the pattern of temperatures and humidity recorded for the week relates to the prevailing monsoon winds that affect the coastal region of Nigeria in June.
(d)
Suggest two agricultural practices that farmers in the area could adopt to mitigate the adverse effects of the high heat‑index values observed during the week.
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Question 5 View Details
The table below shows the average monthly temperature (°C) and total monthly rainfall (mm) recorded at a weather station in the northern region of Nigeria over a complete year. | Month | Temperature (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | |-------|------------------|---------------| | Jan | 28.5 | 12 | | Feb | 29.0 | 8 | | Mar | 30.2 | 5 | | Apr | 31.5 | 2 | | May | 32.1 | 0 | | Jun | 31.8 | 0 | | Jul | 31.0 | 1 | | Aug | 30.5 | 3 | | Sep | 30.0 | 7 | | Oct | 29.4 | 15 | | Nov | 28.8 | 20 | | Dec | 28.2 | 18 | Using the data above, answer the following questions: a) Calculate the mean annual temperature. b) Determine the coefficient of variation (CV) of the monthly rainfall and interpret its significance. c) Identify the season (wet or dry) that would be most suitable for planting millet in this region and justify your choice with reference to the data. d) Discuss two major geographical factors that could explain the observed temperature and rainfall pattern in this part of Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the mean annual temperature.
(b)
Determine the coefficient of variation (CV) of the monthly rainfall and interpret its significance.
(c)
Identify the season (wet or dry) that would be most suitable for planting millet in this region and justify your choice with reference to the data.
(d)
Discuss two major geographical factors that could explain the observed temperature and rainfall pattern in this part of Nigeria.
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Question 6 View Details
A geologist collected a rock sample from a quarry in the Jos Plateau. The following observations were made: - The rock is coarse‑grained, pinkish, and feels gritty to the touch. - Under a hand lens, the mineral grains are identified as quartz, feldspar and mica in roughly equal proportions. - The rock contains visible interlocking crystals and no obvious layering. - A simple hardness test shows that the rock can scratch a glass plate (hardness >5.5). In addition, a laboratory analysis gave the following mass percentages for the minerals present in a powdered portion of the same rock: - Quartz: 33.2 % - Feldspar: 34.5 % - Mica: 32.3 % Answer the following: a) Identify the rock type based on the field and mineralogical description. b) Using the laboratory data, calculate the percentage composition of each mineral and comment on the agreement with the field observation. c) Explain the geological processes that could have led to the formation of this rock, referencing the rock cycle. d) Evaluate the suitability of this rock for use as a building material, considering its physical properties and mineral composition.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the rock type based on the field and mineralogical description.
(b)
Using the laboratory data, calculate the percentage composition of each mineral and comment on the agreement with the field observation.
(c)
Explain the geological processes that could have led to the formation of this rock, referencing the rock cycle.
(d)
Evaluate the suitability of this rock for use as a building material, considering its physical properties and mineral composition.
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Question 7 View Details
A long, gently sloping ridge composed of alternating layers of hard sandstone and softer shale extends for about 30 km in the northern part of Nigeria. The ridge has a steep scarp on its southern side and a gentle dip‑slope on its northern side. Answer the following questions:
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the type of landform described and explain the geological processes that led to its formation.
(b)
Discuss how the prevailing climate of the region influences the rate of weathering and erosion of this landform.
(c)
Evaluate two major environmental challenges associated with this landform and suggest appropriate mitigation measures for each.
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Question 8 View Details
River X originates at an elevation of 820 m in the highlands of central Nigeria and flows 210 km to the Atlantic coast, where it reaches sea level. A major tributary, River Y, joins River X 150 km downstream from River X’s source. River Y starts at 560 m elevation and runs 80 km before its confluence with River X. The upper basin of River X is underlain mainly by granite, while the lower basin consists chiefly of shale and laterite. Answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average gradient (in m km⁻¹) of River X from its source to its mouth, and of River Y from its source to its confluence with River X.
(b)
Using the lithological information, explain why the drainage pattern in the upper basin is likely dendritic whereas the lower basin tends towards a trellis pattern.
(c)
Deforestation in the basin has increased flood frequency. Propose two engineering and two non‑engineering measures to reduce flood risk, and justify how each measure addresses the underlying causes.
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