Practice neco islamic_religious_studies 2023 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

Consider the following three statements about Allah: (i) Allah is the Creator of the heavens and the earth. (ii) Allah has a partner who shares in His lordship. (iii) Allah is unique (Ahad) and has no equal. Based on the doctrine of Tawhid (Oneness of Allah), which statement contradicts Tawhid? Provide the statement number.

A. i and iii

Correct B. ii

C. iii

D. i

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2 View Details

A newly emerging form of digital cryptocurrency transaction is not mentioned in the Qur'an or the Sunnah. When scholars need to issue a ruling on its permissibility, which secondary source of Islamic law is primarily employed after the primary sources have been consulted?

Correct A. Qiyās (analogical reasoning)

B. Ijtihād (independent reasoning)

C. Fatwā (scholarly opinion)

D. Maslahah (public interest)

Correct Answer: A

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Question 3 View Details

Which Surah of the Qur'an is known as the "Heart of the Qur'an" and consists of \(286\) verses?

Correct A. Al‑Baqarah

B. Al‑Imran

C. Al‑Anfal

D. An‑Nisa'

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4 View Details

A 30‑year‑old patient requires a kidney transplant to save his life. The donor is a living relative who has given informed consent, and the surgery will not cause lasting harm to the donor's health. Considering contemporary Islamic bio‑ethical principles, is the transplantation permissible (halal), impermissible (haram), or conditionally permissible? Justify your answer in one sentence.

Correct A. Conditionally permissible (halal) provided donor consent and no lasting harm to the donor

B. Permissible (halal) without any conditions regarding consent or donor health

C. Conditionally permissible (halal) only if the donor receives financial compensation

D. Impermissible (haram) regardless of donor consent and health impact

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5 View Details

A person affirms belief in Allah, the angels, the revealed books, and the Day of Judgment, but rejects belief in divine decree (Qadar). Which of the six Articles of Faith (Iman) is missing from his belief system?

A. Belief in the angels (Mala'ika)

B. Belief in the prophets (Nubuwwah)

C. Belief in the unseen (Al-Ghayb)

Correct D. Divine decree (Qadar)

Correct Answer: D

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Question 6 View Details

Sahih al‑Bukhari contains \(7,275\) unique hadiths and Sahih Muslim contains \(9,200\) unique hadiths. If \(2,500\) hadiths are found in both collections, how many hadiths are exclusive to either collection (i.e., appear in only one of the two books)?

Correct A. 11,475

B. 16,475

C. 13,975

D. 8,975

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7 View Details

The Umayyad Caliphate at its peak covered \(11\) million km\(^2\). The Abbasid Caliphate initially inherited an unknown percentage \(X\)% of this territory. The Fatimid Caliphate at its height covered \(1.5\) million km\(^2\), which is exactly \(25\)% of the Abbasid's initial area. After \(50\) years the Abbasid territory reduced to \(5\) million km\(^2\), losing land at a constant annual rate. Determine (a) the percentage \(X\) (to two decimal places) and (b) the average annual loss of territory in km\(^2\) per year.

Correct A. 54.55% and 20,000 km^2 per year

B. 45.45% and 25,000 km^2 per year

C. 50.00% and 22,500 km^2 per year

D. 60.00% and 15,000 km^2 per year

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8 View Details

Surah Al‑Baqarah contains \(286\) verses, Surah Al‑Imran contains \(200\) verses, and Surah An‑Nisa contains \(176\) verses. A student reads \(15\) verses each day, starting with Al‑Baqarah and proceeding sequentially through the three surahs. On which day will the student finish reading Surah An‑Nisa?

A. 44

B. 46

Correct C. 45

D. 48

Correct Answer: C

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Question 9 View Details

The reigns of the first three Rightly Guided Caliphs are recorded as follows: Abu Bakr - \(2\) years \(4\) months, Umar - \(10\) years \(1\) month, and Uthman - \(16\) years \(7\) months. Their combined reign length is therefore \(29\) years. The total reign length of all four caliphs (including Ali) is \(39\) years \(11\) months. Determine the length of Ali's reign in years and months.

A. 11 years 0 months

B. 9 years 11 months

Correct C. 10 years 11 months

D. 10 years 10 months

Correct Answer: C

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Question 10 View Details

A survey of 200 Muslims asked which of the six articles of faith they consider essential. The results were: 78% said all six, 12% said exactly five, 5% said exactly four, and the remaining respondents said fewer than four. If a respondent is selected at random, (a) what is the probability that the respondent considers at least five articles essential? (b) given that the respondent considers at least five articles essential, what is the probability that they consider exactly five articles essential? Express your answer to part (b) as a fraction in lowest terms.

Correct A. 2/15

B. 3\/20

C. 4\/15

D. 1\/5

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11 View Details

A merchant marks up a commodity by 25% on its cost price. He then offers a discount of 10% on the marked price and finally gives a cash rebate of 5% on the price after discount. If the final amount received by the merchant is \\(\\text{₦}12,000\\), what was the original cost price of the commodity? Give your answer in naira to the nearest naira.

A. 10909

B. 10107

C. 10667

Correct D. 11228

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details

A borrower takes a loan of \\(\\text{₦}50,000\\) with an agreement to repay the principal plus a total simple interest of 20% of the principal, payable in equal annual installments over 2 years. The borrower proposes instead to repay the loan with compound interest at 10% per annum, compounded annually. Calculate the total amount the borrower would pay under the compound scheme and state whether this amount exceeds the total repayment allowed by the original simple‑interest agreement.

A. \text{₦}61,000; exceeds permissible limit

B. \text{₦}60,500; does not exceed permissible limit

Correct C. \text{₦}60,500; exceeds permissible limit

D. \text{₦}55,000; does not exceed permissible limit

Correct Answer: C

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Question 13 View Details

A Muslim performs the five daily obligatory prayers with the following numbers of Rak'ahs: Fajr 2, Dhuhr 4, Asr 4, Maghrib 3, Isha 4. In addition, he regularly performs the Sunnah prayers of 2 Rak'ahs before Fajr, 2 Rak'ahs before Dhuhr, 2 Rak'ahs after Dhuhr, 2 Rak'ahs before Asr, 2 Rak'ahs after Maghrib, and 2 Rak'ahs after Isha. How many total Rak'ahs does he perform in a day?

Correct A. 29

B. 33

C. 27

D. 31

Correct Answer: A

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Question 14 View Details

A deceased man leaves an estate of \\(\\text{₦}1,200,000\\). He is survived by a wife, a mother, two daughters and a son. According to Islamic inheritance law, the fixed shares are: wife \\(\\frac{1}{8}\\) of the estate, mother \\(\\frac{1}{6}\\) of the estate, and the remaining estate is divided among the children so that a son receives twice the share of each daughter. Determine the amount each heir receives, giving your answers in naira.

A. Wife: 150,000; Mother: 200,000; Son: 566,667; Each daughter: 141,667

B. Wife: 200,000; Mother: 150,000; Son: 425,000; Each daughter: 212,500

C. Wife: 150,000; Mother: 240,000; Son: 405,000; Each daughter: 202,500

Correct D. Wife: 150,000; Mother: 200,000; Son: 425,000; Each daughter: 212,500

Correct Answer: D

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Question 15 View Details

According to historical records, the reign periods of the first four Rightly Guided Caliphs are: Abu Bakr (632 CE - 634 CE), Umar (634 CE - 644 CE), Uthman (644 CE - 656 CE) and Ali (656 CE - 661 CE). Calculate the total number of solar years they ruled combined. A historian claims that the combined reign lasted 30 lunar years. Assuming a solar year is 365.25 days and a lunar year is 354 days, determine the discrepancy between the historian's claim and the solar‑year calculation, expressed in days and rounded to the nearest whole day.

A. 30 days

B. 22 days

C. 25 days

Correct D. 28 days

Correct Answer: D

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Question 16 View Details

In Islamic inheritance law, a man dies leaving an estate of unknown total value. His heirs are: a wife, two daughters, his mother, and a brother. The fixed shares are: the wife receives \(\frac{1}{8}\) of the estate (since there are children), the mother receives \(\frac{1}{6}\), and the two daughters together receive \(\frac{2}{3}\) to be shared equally. After allocating these fixed shares, any remainder goes to the brother as a residuary heir. What fraction of the total estate does the brother inherit?

A. \frac{1}{8}

B. \frac{1}{12}

C. \frac{1}{48}

Correct D. \frac{1}{24}

Correct Answer: D

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Question 17 View Details

A Muslim merchant purchases goods for ₦120,000 and sells them on a murabaha contract, adding a profit margin of 20\% of the purchase price. After the sale, he must pay zakat at the rate of 2.5\% on the total amount he receives from the buyer. What is the merchant's net profit after paying zakat? Express your answer in Naira.

A. 25200

B. 23400

Correct C. 20400

D. 24000

Correct Answer: C

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Question 18 View Details

The first four Rightly Guided Caliphs ruled consecutively from the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in 632\,CE to the end of Ali's caliphate in 661\,CE. Their individual reign lengths were: Abu Bakr (2\,years), Umar (10\,years), Uthman (12\,years), and Ali (5\,years). During Umar's reign a famine lasted 3\,months, during Uthman's reign a plague lasted 6\,months, and during Ali's reign a civil war lasted 18\,months. What fraction of the total 29‑year period was affected by these crises? Give your answer as a reduced fraction.

Correct A. \frac{9}{116}

B. \frac{27}{29}

C. \frac{27}{348}

D. \frac{5}{58}

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

A patient requires a kidney transplant. Contemporary Islamic jurisprudence permits transplantation only if (i) the donor is a living relative, (ii) no commercial transaction is involved, and (iii) the donor's life is not endangered. Three potential donors are offered:\n\n- Donor A: the patient's brother, healthy, no surgical risk.\n- Donor B: the patient's cousin, who has mild hypertension that raises the surgical risk by 5\% percentage points.\n- Donor C: an unrelated paid donor, who charges ₦500,000.\n\nThe success probabilities and costs are:\n\n- Brother: success probability 95\%, cost ₦0.\n- Cousin: base success probability 95\%, reduced by 5\% due to health risk, cost ₦200,000.\n- Unrelated donor: success probability 80\%, cost ₦500,000, plus a religious penalty of ₦10,000 for a commercial transaction.\n\nCalculate the expected monetary cost per successful transplant for each donor (cost divided by success probability). Then, based on the permissibility criteria, indicate which donor(s) the patient may ethically choose.

A. Only Donor B (the cousin) is permissible; expected costs - Brother: 0 Naira, Cousin: 210,000 Naira, Unrelated: 625,000 Naira

B. Donor A and Donor B are permissible; expected costs - Brother: 0 Naira, Cousin: 222,222.22 Naira, Unrelated: 637,500 Naira

Correct C. Only Donor A (the brother) is permissible; expected costs - Brother: 0 Naira, Cousin: 222,222.22 Naira, Unrelated: 637,500 Naira

D. Only Donor C (the unrelated donor) is permissible; expected costs - Brother: 0 Naira, Cousin: 222,222.22 Naira, Unrelated: 637,500 Naira

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

At their respective peaks, the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman empires covered approximately 11\,million\,km\^2, 4.5\,million\,km\^2, and 5.2\,million\,km\^2 of territory. Assume each empire's territorial expansion was linear from its founding year to its peak year. The founding and peak years are:\n\n- Umayyad: founded 661\,CE, peak 750\,CE.\n- Abbasid: founded 750\,CE, peak 850\,CE.\n- Ottoman: founded 1299\,CE, peak 1680\,CE.\n\nCompute the average annual territorial expansion (in million\,km\^2 per year, rounded to the nearest 0.1\,million\,km\^2\,/year) for each empire, and state which empire had the highest average expansion rate and what that rate was.

Correct A. Umayyad empire, 0.1 million km^2 per year

B. Abbasid empire, 0.2 million km^2 per year

C. Umayyad empire, 0.3 million km^2 per year

D. Ottoman empire, 0.05 million km^2 per year

Correct Answer: A

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Question 21 View Details

A Muslim performs the five daily prayers each day. On Fridays, the Jumu'ah prayer replaces the Dhuhr prayer and consists of \(2\) raka'ah instead of the usual \(4\). In a 30‑day month that contains \(4\) Fridays, how many total raka'ah of obligatory prayers does the person perform that month?

A. 510

B. 500

Correct C. 502

D. 506

Correct Answer: C

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Question 22 View Details

A student reads Surah Al‑Fātiḥah, which has \(7\) verses, and Surah Al‑Ikhlāṣ, which has \(4\) verses, each day for a week (\(7\) days). How many verses has the student read in total?

A. 78

Correct B. 77

C. 70

D. 66

Correct Answer: B

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Question 23 View Details

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was born in 570 CE and received his first revelation in 610 CE at the age of \(40\). The Hijra to Madinah occurred in 622 CE. (a) How many years elapsed between the first revelation and the Hijra? (b) How old was the Prophet at the time of the Hijra?

A. 14 years, 53 years

B. 13 years, 51 years

C. 10 years, 50 years

Correct D. 12 years, 52 years

Correct Answer: D

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Question 24 View Details

A man discovers that his neighbor's child is seriously ill and needs medicine that costs ₦20,000. He has three possible courses of action: (i) Borrow ₦20,000 from a friend, promising to repay within a month; (ii) Lie to the neighbor, telling him the child is fine to avoid causing distress; (iii) Steal ₦20,000 from a shop to buy the medicine. According to Islamic ethical principles (akhlaq), which of these actions are permissible? Select all that apply.

A. All three actions (i), (ii), and (iii) are permissible.

B. Actions (i) and (ii) are permissible; action (iii) is not permissible.

Correct C. Only action (i) is permissible; actions (ii) and (iii) are not permissible.

D. Only action (iii) is permissible; actions (i) and (ii) are not permissible.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 25 View Details

Sahih al‑Bukhari contains 7,275 hadiths. If a student reads \(5\) hadiths from this collection each day for \(10\) consecutive days, how many hadiths will the student have read in total?

A. 55

B. 60

Correct C. 50

D. 15

Correct Answer: C

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