neco 2022 computer_studies | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
The evolution of computers can be divided into several generations, each marked by distinct technological breakthroughs. Answer the following questions based on the historical development of computers.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the key technological innovation that characterises the third generation of computers and explain how it differed from the second generation.
(b)
Discuss two major social or economic impacts that the introduction of the fourth generation (microprocessor‑based) computers had on Nigerian society in the 1980s.
(c)
Evaluate why the fifth generation, characterised by artificial intelligence research, has not yet fully materialised in everyday Nigerian computing environments.
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Question 2 View Details
A small office computer system is configured as follows: - CPU: 3.2 GHz quad‑core processor, each core can execute 1.5 × 10⁹ instructions per second. - RAM: 8 GB DDR4, operating at 2400 MHz with a 64‑bit bus. - Storage: 512 GB SSD with a sequential read speed of 550 MB/s. - Power supply: 450 W rated, with an efficiency of 85 % at 50 % load. Answer the questions that follow, showing all reasoning.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the theoretical maximum number of instructions the CPU can execute in one second when all four cores operate at full capacity.
(b)
Determine the maximum data transfer rate (in MB/s) that the RAM can sustain, assuming the bus operates at its full clock frequency and transfers one 64‑bit word per clock cycle.
(c)
If a file of size 2 GB is copied from the SSD to RAM, estimate the total time taken (in seconds) ignoring any overheads, and comment on which component (CPU, RAM or SSD) is the bottleneck in this operation.
(d)
The office decides to upgrade the power supply to improve energy efficiency. If a new 500 W unit has an efficiency of 92 % at 50 % load, calculate the reduction in power loss (in watts) compared with the existing supply when the system draws 225 W.
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Question 3 View Details
A secondary school computer laboratory has 30 desktop computers running Windows 10. The lab uses a licensed copy of Microsoft Office 2019 and an antivirus program that updates daily. Recently, the lab experienced the following problems: (i) some computers fail to boot and display a "Blue Screen of Death" with error code 0x0000007B; (ii) several users report that their Word documents are not saving changes and the files become corrupted; (iii) the antivirus program stopped updating on 5 machines.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the likely cause of each of the three problems and suggest an appropriate software‑based solution for each.
(b)
Explain the difference between a "freeware" and a "shareware" license, and give an example of each that could be suitable for a school environment.
(c)
The school plans to migrate to a cloud‑based office suite. List three advantages and two potential disadvantages of this migration for the school.
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Question 4 View Details
A teacher is preparing a spreadsheet to record the scores of 25 students in three continuous assessment tests (CA1, CA2, CA3) each out of 20 marks. The teacher wants to calculate the total score for each student, determine the class average for each test, and assign a grade based on the total score using the following scale: 0‑30 = F, 31‑45 = C, 46‑55 = B, 56‑60 = A.
Question Parts
(a)
Write the Excel formula that the teacher should enter in cell E2 to compute the total score for the first student, assuming CA1, CA2 and CA3 are entered in columns B, C and D respectively.
(b)
Describe how the teacher can use the AutoFill feature to copy the total formula to all 25 students efficiently.
(c)
Using the data, the teacher wants to find the average score of CA2 across the class. Write the formula and explain why the AVERAGE function is appropriate.
(d)
Propose a method using Conditional Formatting to highlight any student whose total score is below 31 (i.e., grade F). Include the rule expression that should be used.
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Question 5 View Details
A secondary school intends to computerise its library management system. The system must record each book, the members who borrow books, and the dates of borrowing and return. The following attributes are proposed for the single table to be created: BookID, Title, Author, Publisher, MemberID, MemberName, Class, DateBorrowed, DateReturned, FineAmount. The school wants the database to be efficient and to avoid data anomalies. Answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Identify a suitable primary key for the table and justify your choice.
(b)
Convert the proposed table into Second Normal Form (2NF). List the resulting tables with their attributes and indicate the primary key of each table.
(c)
Explain two advantages of storing the data in 2NF for the library system.
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Question 6 View Details
TechNova Ltd. discovered that several of its employees had fallen victim to a phishing email that appeared to be from the company's IT department. The email requested the recipients to click a link and enter their corporate credentials. As a result, unauthorized access was gained to the internal network. Answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Identify and briefly describe three technical controls that could have prevented or limited the impact of the phishing attack.
(b)
Discuss the ethical responsibilities of an IT professional when a security breach of this nature is discovered.
(c)
If the company’s internal audit shows that 12% of employees click suspicious links in simulated phishing tests, estimate the probability that at least one employee out of a team of 8 will click a real phishing link, assuming the same behaviour. Show your reasoning.
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Question 7 View Details
A small office requires a LAN for 20 computers. The manager decides to use a star topology with a central Ethernet switch that provides 24 ports. The office has been allocated the IP block 192.168.10.0/24.
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the minimum number of Ethernet cables required to connect all 20 computers to the switch. If the average cable length from a computer to the switch is 15 metres, calculate the total length of cable needed.
(b)
Using the allocated block 192.168.10.0/24, design a subnetting scheme that creates three sub‑networks: i. Administrative department – maximum 8 hosts. ii. Technical department – maximum 12 hosts. iii. Guest Wi‑Fi – maximum 4 hosts. For each subnet provide: - Network address - Broadcast address - First and last usable host addresses.
(c)
Discuss two advantages and two disadvantages of using a star topology for this office network, with reference to fault tolerance and scalability.
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Question 8 View Details
You are tasked with writing a Python program to process a list of student examination scores and generate a summary report.
Question Parts
(a)
Write a Python program that: 1. Stores the following scores in a list: 78, 85, 62, 90, 55, 73, 88, 47. 2. Calculates the class average (rounded to two decimal places). 3. Assigns a grade to each score using the criteria: - 80–100: A - 70–79 : B - 60–69 : C - 50–59 : D - below 50: F 4. Prints a table showing each student's score and corresponding grade, followed by the class average. Provide the complete program code.
(b)
Explain the algorithmic steps your program follows and state its time complexity in Big‑O notation.
(c)
Modify the program so that it reads the scores from a text file named "scores.txt" (one integer per line). Include error handling to skip any non‑numeric lines and report the number of invalid entries ignored. Provide the updated code.
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