Practice neco government 2018 Past Questions | Edcrib

Question 1 View Details

In a country with a \(120\)-seat parliament, Party A receives \(42\%\) of the total votes, Party B \(35\%\) and Party C \(23\%\). Under a proportional representation (PR) system seats are allocated using the largest‑remainder method. Under a first‑past‑the‑post (FPTP) system it is known that Party A wins \(55\%\) of the constituencies. How many seats does Party A obtain under each system, and does either system give Party A a majority of seats (i.e., at least \(61\) seats)?

A. PR: 50 seats; FPTP: 58 seats; neither system gives Party A a majority.

B. PR: 48 seats; FPTP: 60 seats; only FPTP gives Party A a majority.

C. PR: 52 seats; FPTP: 66 seats; both systems give Party A a majority.

Correct D. PR: 50 seats; FPTP: 66 seats; only FPTP gives Party A a majority.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 2 View Details

State one primary function of the legislative branch in Nigeria's federal system.

A. Collect taxes

Correct B. Make laws

C. Interpret laws

D. Enforce laws

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3 View Details

The National Assembly has \(360\) members, but only \(300\) are present for a vote on overriding a presidential veto. A two‑thirds majority of members present is required. If \(210\) members vote in favour of the override, does the override succeed?

A. Yes, but only a simple majority is required.

Correct B. Yes, the override succeeds.

C. No, the override fails.

D. No, because a two‑thirds majority of all members is required.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 4 View Details

A civil dispute involving a claim of \(\text{₦}250,000\) is heard in a Magistrate Court, whose monetary jurisdiction is limited to claims not exceeding \(\text{₦}200,000\). The losing party wishes to have the judgment set aside on the ground of lack of jurisdiction. To which court should the party apply to have the judgment reviewed?

Correct A. State High Court

B. Sharia Court

C. Magistrate Court

D. Federal High Court

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5 View Details

A ministry proposes a project that costs \(\text{₦}120\) million. The project is expected to generate an annual benefit of \(\text{₦}30\) million for six years. Using a discount rate of 10 % per annum, (a) calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project, and (b) compute the benefit‑cost ratio (BCR). The project will be approved only if the NPV is positive **and** the BCR is at least 1.2. Does the project satisfy both criteria?

A. NPV = ₦12.30 million (positive); BCR = 1.25; the project meets both criteria, so it is approved.

B. NPV = ₦-5.20 million (negative); BCR = 0.95; the project fails both criteria, so it is not approved.

Correct C. NPV = ₦10.65 million (positive); BCR = 1.09; the project fails the BCR requirement, so it is not approved.

D. NPV = ₦8.00 million (positive); BCR = 1.15; the project meets NPV but not BCR, so it is not approved.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 6 View Details

State two constitutional provisions that guarantee citizens the right to vote in Nigeria.

Correct A. Section 13 (right to vote) and Section 14 (universal adult suffrage) of the 1999 Constitution.

B. Section 13 (right to vote) and Section 15 (universal adult suffrage) of the 1999 Constitution.

C. Section 12 (right to vote) and Section 14 (universal adult suffrage) of the 1999 Constitution.

D. Section 12 (right to political participation) and Section 15 (universal adult suffrage) of the 1999 Constitution.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7 View Details

Nigeria is considering joining a regional economic community that requires member states to adopt a common external tariff. Nigeria's foreign policy emphasises the principles of non‑interference and the pursuit of national interest. Assess, with reference to at least two foreign‑policy principles, whether joining the community is compatible with Nigeria's foreign policy. State two potential benefits and two possible drawbacks of the membership.

Correct A. Joining the community conflicts with the non‑interference principle because a common external tariff ties Nigeria to collective decisions, but it can be compatible with the pursuit of national interest if the economic gains (larger market access and investment attraction) outweigh the loss of tariff autonomy. Benefits: larger market access and increased foreign investment. Drawbacks: loss of independent tariff policy and exposure to regional economic shocks.

B. Joining the community fully aligns with the non‑interference principle because the common external tariff is decided by each member individually, and it also supports national interest by guaranteeing higher tariffs on imports. Benefits: protection of domestic industries and increased government revenue. Drawbacks: reduced competition and higher consumer prices.

C. Joining the community has no impact on Nigeria's foreign‑policy principles because tariffs are purely economic tools, and the community does not affect national interest. Benefits: access to a larger market and increased foreign investment. Drawbacks: none, as the common tariff is optional for each member.

D. Joining the community is incompatible with the pursuit of national interest since any economic integration limits Nigeria's ability to negotiate bilateral trade deals, and it also breaches the non‑interference principle by obligating Nigeria to adopt foreign policy positions. Benefits: none. Drawbacks: loss of diplomatic autonomy and forced alignment with other members' political stances.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8 View Details

Pressure Group A has 150,000 members and relies on monthly mass rallies costing \\(200,000\\) N each and weekly media spots costing \\(50,000\\) N each. Pressure Group B has 45,000 members and uses litigation costing \\(2,000,000\\) N per case and monthly lobbying costing \\(300,000\\) N each. Both groups have an annual budget of \\(5,000,000\\) N. Which group can fully fund its preferred activities for a year? Show your calculations.

Correct A. Pressure Group A can fully fund its activities; Pressure Group B cannot.

B. Pressure Group A cannot fully fund its activities; Pressure Group B can.

C. Neither group can fully fund its preferred activities.

D. Both groups can fully fund their preferred activities.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9 View Details

A civil dispute involving a contract worth \(10,000,000\) N is first decided by the Federal High Court in favour of the plaintiff. The defendant appeals to the Court of Appeal, which overturns the decision. The plaintiff wishes to take the matter to the Supreme Court. State the constitutional provision that gives the Supreme Court jurisdiction over this case, and explain whether the Supreme Court can review the factual findings of the Court of Appeal.

A. Section 229(1) of the Constitution grants the Supreme Court appellate jurisdiction, allowing it to review both legal issues and the factual determinations of the Court of Appeal.

Correct B. Section 230(1) of the Constitution gives the Supreme Court appellate jurisdiction. The Supreme Court may review legal issues but does not re‑evaluate the factual findings of the Court of Appeal.

C. Section 231(2) of the Constitution gives the Supreme Court original jurisdiction. The Supreme Court may re‑examine both legal and factual findings of the Court of Appeal.

D. Section 230(1) of the Constitution gives the Supreme Court appellate jurisdiction. However, the Supreme Court can also re‑evaluate the factual findings of the Court of Appeal.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10 View Details

In a mixed electoral system, 60% of the 200 parliamentary seats are filled by first‑past‑the‑post (FPTP) in single‑member constituencies and 40% by proportional representation (PR) from party lists. Party X receives 30% of the national vote, Party Y 45% and Party Z 25%. In the FPTP component, Party X wins 20% of the constituency seats, Party Y 70% and Party Z 10%. Calculate the total number of seats each party obtains and comment on whether the system favours larger parties.

A. Party X: 36 seats, Party Y: 108 seats, Party Z: 56 seats. The mixed system favours larger parties because the FPTP component disproportionately rewards the party with the most constituency wins.

B. Party X: 42 seats, Party Y: 112 seats, Party Z: 46 seats. The mixed system favours larger parties because the combination of FPTP and PR tends to give more seats to parties that perform well in both components.

C. Party X: 54 seats, Party Y: 108 seats, Party Z: 38 seats. The mixed system favours larger parties because the proportional representation component magnifies the advantage of parties with higher vote shares.

Correct D. Party X: 48 seats, Party Y: 120 seats, Party Z: 32 seats. The mixed system favours larger parties because the FPTP component disproportionately rewards the party with the most constituency wins.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11 View Details

In a national election, \(30\%\) of the registered voters are youths (aged 18-35). The total number of registered voters is 2,000,000. Youths had a turnout of \(45\%\), while non‑youths had a turnout of \(65\%\). What was the overall voter turnout percentage for the election?

A. 53%

Correct B. 59\%

C. 62%

D. 57%

Correct Answer: B

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Question 12 View Details

If a constitutional amendment requires a \(\frac{2}{3}\) majority in both houses of the National Assembly, and the Senate has 109 members while the House of Representatives has 360 members, what is the minimum number of votes needed in each house to pass the amendment?

Correct A. 73, 240

B. 72, 240

C. 74, 241

D. 73, 239

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13 View Details

In a survey of 200 police officers, 68\% said they sometimes arrest without a warrant, while 85\% of the public believe arrests should always be made with a warrant. The government wants the discrepancy between officer practice and public expectation to be less than 10\%. By how many percentage points must the proportion of officers who sometimes arrest without a warrant be reduced to achieve this target?

A. 53 percentage points

B. 38 percentage points

C. 48 percentage points

Correct D. 43 percentage points

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

The executive proposes a national budget of \(\text{₦}3.2\) trillion, allocating 40\% to health, 25\% to education, and the remainder to other sectors. If the legislature reduces the health allocation by 10\% of its original amount and increases the education allocation by 5\% of its original amount, what are the new amounts allocated to health and education respectively (in trillion naira, rounded to three decimal places)?

A. 1.152 trillion, 0.800 trillion

B. 1.280 trillion, 0.840 trillion

C. 1.152 trillion, 0.880 trillion

Correct D. 1.152 trillion, 0.840 trillion

Correct Answer: D

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Question 15 View Details

In a referendum on a constitutional amendment, 1,200,000 out of 2,000,000 eligible voters approved the amendment. Did the amendment meet the referendum requirement of at least 50\% voter approval? Answer 'Yes' or 'No'.

Correct A. Yes

B. No

C. Undecided

D. Maybe

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16 View Details

The National Assembly (200 members) and the Senate (100 members) each must pass a bill by a simple majority. The President may veto a bill, but the veto can be overridden by a \(\frac{2}{3}\) majority in each house. A certain bill receives 110 votes in favour in the Assembly and 70 votes in favour in the Senate, after which the President vetoes it. Can the veto be overridden? State clearly the numerical condition and the conclusion.

A. Yes, because both houses meet the required two‑thirds (needs 134 votes in the Assembly, has 110; needs 67 votes in the Senate, has 70).

Correct B. No, because the Assembly does not reach the required two‑thirds (needs 134 votes, has 110).

C. No, because the Senate does not reach the required two‑thirds (needs 67 votes, has 70).

D. No, because the Assembly does not reach the required two‑thirds (needs 134 votes, has 120).

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17 View Details

According to the Constitution, an amendment must be passed by a \(\frac{2}{3}\) majority in both the Assembly (200 members) and the Senate (100 members) and then ratified by a national referendum. The referendum requires that at least \(60\%\) of the votes cast are in favour and that at least \(40\%\) of all registered voters vote in favour. In a recent amendment attempt, the Assembly recorded 140 votes for and 60 against, the Senate recorded 68 votes for and 32 against. Out of 5,000,000 registered voters, 2,000,000 voted, of which 1,200,000 were in favour. Does the amendment succeed?

A. No, because the Senate failed to achieve the required two‑thirds majority.

B. No, because the Assembly failed to achieve the required two‑thirds majority.

Correct C. No, because the referendum does not meet the 40% of registered voters requirement.

D. Yes, because the referendum meets both the 60% of votes cast and the 40% of registered voters thresholds.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 18 View Details

List the years of the major constitutional milestones in Nigeria: independence (1960), declaration of the Republic (1963), the start of the Second Republic (1979), the start of the Third Republic (1993), and the start of the Fourth Republic (1999). Calculate the average number of years between each successive change from 1960 to 1999. Then, assuming a new constitutional amendment is scheduled to be introduced in 2025, compute the new average interval including this amendment.

A. Original average = 9.5 years; new average = 13.5 years.

Correct B. Original average = 9.75 years; new average = 13 years.

C. Original average = 9.75 years; new average = 12 years.

D. Original average = 10 years; new average = 12 years.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 19 View Details

In 2022 Parliament enacted the Environmental Protection Act which imposes a penalty of ₦50,000 for any illegal dumping of waste. The Act states that the penalty applies to all illegal dumping incidents that occurred from 1 January 2020 onward. A waste contractor who dumped waste on 15 March 2021 is now charged under the Act. Does this application conform to the rule of law? Identify the specific principle involved and justify your answer.

A. No; it breaches the principle of proportionality because the penalty is disproportionate to the offence.

B. Yes; it respects the principle of legality since the statute clearly defines the penalty for illegal dumping.

C. Yes; it complies with the principle of non‑retroactivity (legality) because the law is applied prospectively.

Correct D. No; it breaches the principle of non‑retroactivity (legality) because the law is applied to conduct that occurred before its enactment.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 20 View Details

A ministry has ₦12 million to allocate between two projects. Project A yields a benefit \( B_A = 5000x - 200x^{2} \) where \(x\) is the amount (in millions of naira) invested in Project A (0 ≤ \(x\) ≤ 10). Project B yields a benefit \( B_B = 8000y - 300y^{2} \) where \(y\) is the amount (in millions of naira) invested in Project B (0 ≤ \(y\) ≤ 8). The total investment must satisfy \(x + y = 12\). Determine the allocation \((x, y)\) that maximizes the total benefit \( B_A + B_B \). Give your answer in millions of naira.

A. Allocate ₦6.0 million to Project A and ₦6.0 million to Project B.

B. Allocate ₦3.5 million to Project A and ₦8.5 million to Project B.

C. Allocate ₦5.0 million to Project A and ₦7.0 million to Project B.

Correct D. Allocate ₦4.2 million to Project A and ₦7.8 million to Project B.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

A constitutional amendment requires a two‑thirds majority in both chambers of the National Assembly and ratification by at least three‑quarters of the states. If the House of Representatives has 360 members, the Senate has 109 members, and there are 36 states, what is the minimum total number of affirmative votes required in both chambers combined, and the minimum number of states that must ratify the amendment?

A. 313 votes, 26 states

B. 312 votes, 27 states

C. 314 votes, 27 states

Correct D. 313 votes, 27 states

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

In a democratic country the national legislature has 120 seats that are allocated to parties using the D'Hondt method. Party X received 340 000 votes, Party Y 260 000 votes and Party Z 200 000 votes. How many seats does each party obtain?

A. Party X = 6 seats, Party Y = 3 seats, Party Z = 3 seats

Correct B. Party X = 5 seats, Party Y = 4 seats, Party Z = 3 seats

C. Party X = 4 seats, Party Y = 5 seats, Party Z = 3 seats

D. Party X = 5 seats, Party Y = 3 seats, Party Z = 4 seats

Correct Answer: B

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Question 23 View Details

In a democratic election a party must obtain at least 5 % of the national vote to be eligible for seats. The country has five regions whose share of the total population is: Region A 20 %, B 25 %, C 15 %, D 30 %, E 10 %. Party P received the following percentages of the vote in each region: A 4 %, B 6 %, C 5 %, D 3 %, E 7 %. Does Party P qualify for seats, and if so, how many of the 120 seats in the legislature would it receive (allocate seats proportionally to its national vote share, rounding to the nearest whole seat)?

A. Qualifies; 6 seats

B. Qualifies; 5 seats

C. Does not qualify; 5 seats

Correct D. Does not qualify; 0 seats

Correct Answer: D

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Question 24 View Details

In an international organization five members have voting weights A = 4, B = 3, C = 2, D = 2 and E = 1. A decision passes if the total weight of a coalition is at least 7. Using the Banzhaf power index, what is the voting power of member C? Express your answer as a reduced fraction.

A. \frac{2}{11}

Correct B. \frac{2}{13}

C. \frac{1}{13}

D. \frac{3}{13}

Correct Answer: B

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Question 25 View Details

The National Assembly has 200 members. To override a presidential veto a two‑thirds majority of the total membership is required. If 30 members are absent, what is the minimum number of present members who must vote in favour of the override? The bill that was vetoed originally passed with 120 votes in favour and 80 against. Assuming the same attendance, how many additional votes must the original supporters gain to achieve the required two‑thirds majority?

Correct A. 134 favourable votes required; need 14 additional votes

B. 135 favourable votes required; need 15 additional votes

C. 133 favourable votes required; need 13 additional votes

D. 134 favourable votes required; need 10 additional votes

Correct Answer: A

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