Neco 2017 Biology Question 6

Practice essay / theory question 6 from the 2017 Neco Biology examination. This question covers excretion, urine formation, kidney anatomy, renal physiology .

Neco 2017 Biology Essay / Theory

Topics: excretion urine formation kidney anatomy renal physiology

Question 6 NECO • 2017 • BIOLOGY • essay

The diagram shows the human excretory system with the structures labelled as follows: Kidney (including the renal cortex and medulla), renal artery, renal vein, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle (descending and ascending limbs), distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra.

Question Parts

( a )

Describe, in the correct sequential order, the pathway that the filtrate follows from its formation in the kidney to its excretion from the body. For each structure, state its specific function in the process of urine formation.

( b )

Explain how the loop of Henle contributes to the concentration of urine, making reference to the counter‑current multiplier mechanism.

( c )

A patient suffers from an obstruction in the ureter that prevents urine from passing into the urinary bladder. Predict the physiological consequences on kidney function and systemic blood pressure, and suggest two possible clinical interventions to relieve the condition.

( d )

If the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 125 mL per minute, calculate the approximate total volume of filtrate formed in one day. Briefly discuss how the subsequent reabsorption processes modify this volume before urine is excreted.

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About This Question

This is Neco 2017 Biology Question 6. It is one of the essay questions from the 2017 Neco Biology examination.

The question covers excretion, urine formation, kidney anatomy, renal physiology .

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