Neco 2017 Biology Question 4

Practice essay / theory question 4 from the 2017 Neco Biology examination. This question covers respiration, human anatomy, physiology .

Neco 2017 Biology Essay / Theory

Topics: respiration human anatomy physiology

Question 4 NECO • 2017 • BIOLOGY • essay

The labelled diagram of the human respiratory system is provided. Using the diagram, answer the following questions.

Question Parts

( a )

Describe the complete pathway that air follows from the external environment to the site of gas exchange, naming each structure it passes through as shown in the diagram.

( b )

Explain the mechanism of gas exchange that occurs in the alveoli, including the role of partial pressure gradients and the structure of the respiratory membrane.

( c )

During quiet breathing the diaphragm (label D) contracts and moves downwards by 2 cm. If the lung compliance is 0.2 L·kPa⁻¹ and the average intrapleural pressure falls by 0.5 kPa, estimate the increase in lung volume (in litres) that results from this contraction.

( d )

A person ascends to a high altitude where the atmospheric PO₂ is 13 kPa (sea‑level PO₂ ≈ 21 kPa).

( ) List and briefly describe two physiological adaptations that help maintain oxygen supply at this altitude.

( ) Which anatomical part shown in the diagram is primarily responsible for increasing ventilation during quiet breathing?

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About This Question

This is Neco 2017 Biology Question 4. It is one of the essay questions from the 2017 Neco Biology examination.

The question covers respiration, human anatomy, physiology .

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