Igcse Model Questions Vol1 2022 Biology Question 4

Practice essay / theory question 4 from the 2022 Igcse Model Questions Vol1 Biology examination. This question covers respiration, human anatomy, gas exchange .

Igcse Model Questions Vol1 2022 Biology Essay / Theory
Topics: respiration human anatomy gas exchange
Question 4 IGCSE_MODEL_QUESTIONS_VOL1 • 2022 • BIOLOGY • essay
Igcse Model Questions Vol1 2022 Biology Question 4 diagram

The diagram shows the major structures of the human respiratory system, each labelled as indicated. Using the diagram, answer the following questions.

Question Parts

( a )
Describe the complete pathway that air follows from the external environment to the alveoli, naming each structure that is labelled in the diagram.
( b )
The tidal volume of a healthy adult at rest is 500 mL and the respiratory rate is 12 breaths per minute. The anatomical dead‑space volume is 150 mL. Calculate the alveolar ventilation per minute. Show all working.
( c )
During moderate exercise the tidal volume rises to 800 mL and the respiratory rate to 20 breaths per minute, while dead‑space remains 150 mL. (i) Calculate the new alveolar ventilation per minute. (ii) Explain how this increase in alveolar ventilation enhances the rate of oxygen uptake, referring to the principles of diffusion.
( d )
The diagram also shows the alveolar–capillary membrane. Explain how the structure of this membrane facilitates efficient gas exchange, and discuss two factors that could impair diffusion across it.

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About This Question

This is Igcse Model Questions Vol1 2022 Biology Question 4. It is one of the essay questions from the 2022 Igcse Model Questions Vol1 Biology examination.

The question covers respiration, human anatomy, gas exchange .

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