Practice gce model questions vol1 civic_education 2020 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

A citizen is required each year to (i) pay income tax of \(15\%\) of taxable income, (ii) vote in the national election, and (iii) serve on a jury if summoned. The law imposes penalties: failure to pay tax incurs a fine equal to \(10\%\) of the unpaid tax; failure to vote incurs a fine of ₦5,000; failure to serve on jury incurs a fine of ₦10,000. This year the citizen earned a taxable income of ₦2,000,000, did not pay the tax, missed the election, and failed to appear for jury service. What total monetary penalty must the citizen pay?

A. 40000

Correct B. 45000

C. 55000

D. 50000

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2 View Details

State one fundamental right guaranteed by the Nigerian Constitution that cannot be lawfully restricted by any other legislation.

Correct A. Right to life

B. Right to property

C. Right to assembly

D. Right to free speech

Correct Answer: A

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Question 3 View Details

In a city, \(12\%\) of youths aged 15‑24 are reported to use illicit drugs. The government launches a prevention programme that reduces the number of drug users by \(20\%\) of the current number each year (compounded). The target is to bring the prevalence down to below \(5\%\) within a 5‑year period. Assuming the youth population remains constant at 500,000, will the programme achieve the target within 5 years? Answer Yes or No.

A. Maybe

Correct B. Yes

C. No

D. Uncertain

Correct Answer: B

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Question 4 View Details

Two ethnic groups A and B are in conflict over a disputed area. Initially group A demands \(70\%\) of the land and group B demands \(30\%\). A mediator proposes that in each of three successive rounds each group changes its demand by a fixed proportion \(p\) of the *initial* difference (which is \(40\) percentage points). After the three rounds the two groups reach a common agreement. What is the smallest value of \(p\) (as a percentage) that makes this possible?

A. 20.00

Correct B. 16.67

C. 12.50

D. 15.00

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

The Constitution provides that any law inconsistent with a fundamental right is void to the extent of the inconsistency. Parliament passes the "Public Safety Act" which prohibits all public gatherings of more than 20 persons without a police permit. A citizen wishes to hold a peaceful protest of 50 persons. Analyse whether the Act, as applied to the citizen's protest, is constitutional. State your conclusion as "constitutional" or "unconstitutional".

A. constitutional

B. lawful

C. valid

Correct D. unconstitutional

Correct Answer: D

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Question 6 View Details

In a recent election, the electorate is divided into three groups. Group A constitutes \(40\%\) of all eligible voters and \(75\%\) of its members voted. Group C constitutes \(25\%\) of the electorate and \(60\%\) of its members voted. Group B makes up the remaining \(35\%\) of the electorate, but its turnout rate is unknown. The overall voter turnout was \(68\%\). What was the turnout percentage for Group B?

A. 64.3%

B. 68.0%

Correct C. 65.7\%

D. 70.5%

Correct Answer: C

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Question 7 View Details

A constitutional amendment can be adopted in two ways. (i) By a two‑thirds majority in both the Lower House (300 members) and the Upper House (150 members); or (ii) by a simple majority in the Lower House, a three‑quarters majority in the Upper House, followed by a national referendum in which at least \(55\%\) of the votes cast are in favour. In a recent proposal, \(180\) members of the Lower House voted ‘yes', \(120\) members of the Upper House voted ‘yes', and in the referendum \(720\,000\) voters turned out, of whom \(420\,000\) voted ‘yes'. Did the amendment become part of the constitution?

A. No, the amendment failed to pass.

Correct B. Yes, the amendment is adopted.

C. Yes, but only partially adopted.

D. No, the amendment is not adopted.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 8 View Details

A law reduces the voting age from \(18\) years to \(2\) years less for anyone who has completed secondary education. If a citizen finished secondary school at age \(16\), what is the earliest age at which they may vote?

A. 14

Correct B. 16

C. 18

D. 15

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9 View Details

Country X has a population of \(12\) million. The ethnic composition is: Group A \(45\%\), Group B \(30\%\), Group C \(15\%\), Group D \(10\%\). After a migration, \(200\,000\) people from Group D move abroad and \(150\,000\) people from Group B move into the country. What is the new percentage of the population that belongs to Group D (rounded to one decimal place)?

A. 10.0\%

Correct B. 8.4\%

C. 9.2\%

D. 7.5\%

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10 View Details

A progressive civic tax is levied as follows: the first \(\text{₦}1\,000\,000\) of annual income is taxed at \(3\%\), and any income above that is taxed at \(5\%\). If a citizen earns an annual income of \(\text{₦}2\,500\,000\), how much tax must they pay (in Naira)?

A. 150000

B. 75000

C. 125000

Correct D. 105000

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11 View Details

The government allocates a total public‑service budget of \(108\) million naira to three departments: Health, Education and Infrastructure. Policy states that Health receives twice the amount allocated to Education, and Infrastructure receives 20% more than Health. How many million naira are allocated to the Education department?

A. 22

B. 18

Correct C. 20

D. 24

Correct Answer: C

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Question 12 View Details

In a peace‑building process there are three distinct stages: confidence‑building, negotiation and implementation. Four stakeholder groups (A, B, C, D) must be assigned to these stages under the following conditions: (i) each stage must involve at least two stakeholder groups, and (ii) each stakeholder group must participate in exactly two of the three stages. How many distinct assignments of stakeholder groups to the three stages satisfy these conditions?

A. 72

B. 48

C. 60

Correct D. 54

Correct Answer: D

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Question 13 View Details

In a city, 60% of eligible voters are young (aged 18‑35), 55% are women, and 30% are both young and women. Overall voter turnout was 48%. Young voters turned out at a rate 10% higher than non‑young voters, and women turned out at a rate 5% higher than non‑women voters. What was the turnout rate (as a percentage) among voters who are neither young nor women?

A. 35.00%

B. 40.50%

Correct C. 39.25%

D. 42.75%

Correct Answer: C

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Question 14 View Details

A country's constitution enshrines three fundamental legal principles: (1) No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process; (2) All laws must be publicly promulgated before they take effect; (3) No law may be retroactive. A new statute is passed that criminalises an act that was legal yesterday, and it was announced publicly only after it took effect. Which of the three principles are violated, and how many distinct violations does the statute represent?

Correct A. Principles 2 and 3; 2 violations

B. Principles 2 and 3; 3 violations

C. Principles 1 and 2; 2 violations

D. Principles 1 and 3; 2 violations

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15 View Details

A driver travelling at speed \(v\) must keep a safe following distance \(d\) behind a vehicle that may brake suddenly. The safety formula is \(d = v\,t_{r} + \dfrac{v^{2}}{2a}\), where \(t_{r}\) is the driver's reaction time (seconds) and \(a\) is the deceleration rate (m/s\(^2\)) of the following vehicle. In the city the speed limit is \(50\) km/h, typical reaction time is \(1.5\) s, and the maximum comfortable deceleration is \(3\) m/s\(^2\). On wet roads deceleration is reduced by 20%. Compute the minimum safe following distance in metres, rounding up to the nearest whole metre.

A. 64

B. 58

Correct C. 62

D. 70

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16 View Details

Country A's parliament has 120 seats. A simple majority (more than 50\%) is required to pass legislation. The ruling party holds 48 seats, while three opposition parties hold 30, 25 and 17 seats respectively. The constitution also mandates that any governing coalition must command at least 60\% of all seats to ensure stability.\n\n(a) What is the minimum number of seats a coalition must have to satisfy the 60\% requirement?\n\n(b) Can the ruling party form a stable coalition with each individual opposition party? State "Yes" or "No" for each case.

A. a) 72 seats; b) No with the 30‑seat party, Yes with the 25‑seat party, No with the 17‑seat party

B. a) 70 seats; b) Yes with the 30‑seat party, No with the 25‑seat party, No with the 17‑seat party

Correct C. a) 72 seats; b) Yes with the 30‑seat party, Yes with the 25‑seat party, No with the 17‑seat party

D. a) 75 seats; b) Yes with the 30‑seat party, Yes with the 25‑seat party, Yes with the 17‑seat party

Correct Answer: C

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Question 17 View Details

In Nation B, three recent legal actions are reported:\n\n1. A senior politician is tried in a special court that operates under different procedural rules than ordinary courts.\n2. Two citizens are arrested for peacefully protesting a new tax, but the police release them without charge after a public outcry.\n3. A law is passed that applies only to members of a particular ethnic group, imposing stricter penalties for the same offence.\n\nWhich of these actions constitute a breach of the principle of the rule of law? List the numbers of the actions that breach the principle.

A. 2

B. 1

C. 2 and 3

Correct D. 1 and 3

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details

According to the Nigerian Constitution, at what age may a citizen first register to vote in a national election?

A. 16

B. 25

Correct C. 18

D. 21

Correct Answer: C

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Question 19 View Details

A citizen participates in three civic duties each month:\n\n- Attending a local council meeting for 2\,hours.\n- Volunteering at a community clean‑up for 3\,hours.\n- Writing letters to the newspaper on public issues, spending 1.5\,hours.\n\nThe government recommends that an active citizen should devote at least 8\,hours per month to such duties.\n\n(a) How many total hours does the citizen spend on civic duties each month?\n\n(b) Does the citizen meet the government's recommendation? Answer "Yes" or "No".

A. a) 8.0 hours; b) No

Correct B. a) 6.5 hours; b) No

C. a) 6.5 hours; b) Yes

D. a) 7.5 hours; b) No

Correct Answer: B

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Question 20 View Details

The Constitution of Country C enumerates 10 fundamental human rights: 7 civil‑political rights and 3 economic‑social‑cultural rights. An amendment adds two new economic‑social‑cultural rights, increasing the total number of rights to 12.\n\nWhat percentage of the total rights are now economic‑social‑cultural rights? Give your answer to one decimal place.

A. 38.9

B. 33.3

C. 45.8

Correct D. 41.7

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

Three government projects were originally estimated at \(120\) million, \(80\) million and \(150\) million respectively. Due to corruption, the actual total expenditure rose to \(420\) million. It is known that the percentage cost inflation for the first two projects is the same, while the third project's inflation is \(5\) percentage points higher than that common rate. Determine the common inflation percentage (to two decimal places) and the total amount lost to corruption.

A. Common inflation ≈ 15.00 %; total loss = 80 million

Correct B. Common inflation ≈ 17.86 %; total loss = 70 million

C. Common inflation ≈ 12.30 %; total loss = 90 million

D. Common inflation ≈ 20.45 %; total loss = 60 million

Correct Answer: B

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Question 22 View Details

Two actions are described: (i) A public official uses a government vehicle for personal travel once a month. (ii) A public official reports a conflict of interest and recuses themselves from a related decision. Which action better demonstrates the civic value of integrity?

A. The first action (a public official uses a government vehicle for personal travel once a month)

B. Neither action demonstrates the civic value of integrity

Correct C. The second action (reporting the conflict of interest and recusing oneself)

D. Both actions equally demonstrate the civic value of integrity

Correct Answer: C

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Question 23 View Details

The national framework assigns \(8\) responsibilities to local government, \(5\) to state government and \(3\) to federal government. Of these, \(2\) responsibilities are shared between local and state governments, and \(1\) responsibility is shared among all three levels. How many responsibilities are exclusive to local government?

A. 6

B. 7

Correct C. 5

D. 4

Correct Answer: C

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Question 24 View Details

The constitution requires a constitutional amendment to be passed by a two‑thirds (\(\frac{2}{3}\)) majority in both houses of the National Assembly and then ratified by a simple majority in a national referendum. The Senate has \(109\) members; \(70\) voted in favour, \(30\) against, \(9\) abstained. The House has \(360\) members; \(240\) voted in favour, \(100\) against, \(20\) abstained. In the referendum, \(55\%\) of voters approved the amendment. Did the amendment succeed?

A. Yes; the amendment succeeded because the referendum approved it by a simple majority.

B. No; the amendment failed because the House did not achieve the required two‑thirds majority.

C. Yes; the amendment succeeded because both houses achieved the required two‑thirds majority.

Correct D. No; the amendment failed because the Senate did not achieve the required two‑thirds majority.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 25 View Details

The public service comprises three grades: Grade I with \(200\) employees earning a base salary of \(150{,}000\) Naira, Grade II with \(300\) employees earning \(120{,}000\) Naira, and Grade III with \(500\) employees earning \(90{,}000\) Naira. A salary increase policy grants Grade I an \(8\%\) raise, Grade II a \(5\%\) raise, and Grade III a flat increase of \(10{,}000\) Naira. Calculate the total additional annual expenditure on salaries resulting from this policy.

Correct A. 9,200,000 Naira

B. 8,700,000 Naira

C. 8,100,000 Naira

D. 4,210,000 Naira

Correct Answer: A

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