Practice gce model questions vol1 government 2019 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

The first Senate under the 1979 Constitution was inaugurated on 1 October 1979 and the first Senate under the 1999 Constitution was inaugurated on 29 May 1999. Calculate the total number of days between these two inauguration dates. Then, given that a Senate term under the 1979 Constitution lasted 4 years, determine whether this interval is greater than the combined length (in days) of three full Senate terms under that Constitution. State the number of days and answer "greater" or "not greater".

A. 7,181 days; not greater

B. 7,150 days; greater

C. 7,200 days; greater

Correct D. 7,181 days; greater

Correct Answer: D

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Question 2 View Details

The 1999 Constitution has been amended three times. Amendment A introduced the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in the year the first Senate term under the 1999 Constitution ended. Amendment B introduced the National Human Rights Commission exactly two years after Amendment A. Amendment C, passed in 2011, repealed a provision introduced by Amendment B. In which year was Amendment A enacted?

A. 2002

B. 2005

C. 2003

Correct D. 2004

Correct Answer: D

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Question 3 View Details

A country has a unicameral legislature with 150 members. If the total population is 30 million and each member represents an equal number of citizens, how many citizens does each member represent?

Correct A. 200,000

B. 250,000

C. 150,000

D. 300,000

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4 View Details

A new law states that any person convicted of a felony shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum of 10 years, but it also gives the Minister of Justice the power to reduce the sentence by up to 5 years at his discretion, without any judicial oversight. Considering the three core elements of the rule of law - (i) supremacy of law, (ii) equality before the law, and (iii) accountability of public officials - identify which element(s) this law breaches, if any.

A. Supremacy of law; accountability of public officials

Correct B. Equality before the law; accountability of public officials

C. Supremacy of law

D. Equality before the law; supremacy of law

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

The influence index $I$ of a pressure group is defined as $I = \dfrac{M \times F}{R + 1}$, where $M$ is membership in thousands, $F$ is annual funding in millions of naira, and $R$ is the number of recent successful campaigns (0-5). Group X has 120,000 members, funding of ₦45 million, and 3 successful campaigns in the last five years. Group Y has 80,000 members, funding of ₦60 million, and 4 successful campaigns. Compute the influence index for each group and state which group has the higher index.

Correct A. Group X

B. Group X has a lower influence index than Group Y

C. Both groups have equal influence

D. Group Y

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6 View Details

In a parliament of 120 seats, 80 are constituency seats elected by first‑past‑the‑post and 40 are list seats allocated proportionally using the Sainte‑Laguë method after constituency results are taken into account. The national vote shares are: Party A $42\%$, Party B $35\%$, Party C $15\%$, Party D $8\%$. The constituency results are: Party A wins 45 seats, Party B 30 seats, Party C 5 seats, Party D none. Parties must obtain at least $5\%$ of the national vote to qualify for list seats. Calculate the total number of seats each party receives under the mixed‑member proportional system and state which electoral system - mixed‑member proportional (MMP) or pure first‑past‑the‑post (FPTP) - gives Party A a majority of at least 61 seats.

Correct A. MMP

B. FPTP

C. Mixed-member proportional with overhang

D. PR

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7 View Details

A local council has £2\,million to allocate among three projects. Project X costs £1.2\,million and yields an annual benefit of £300\,000 for 5 years. Project Y costs £0.8\,million and yields £250\,000 per year for 4 years. Project Z costs £0.9\,million and yields £200\,000 per year for 6 years. Using a discount rate of 5\% per annum, determine which combination of projects maximises the total present value of benefits without exceeding the budget. List the projects that should be funded.

A. Project X only

B. Projects X and Z

Correct C. Projects X and Y

D. Projects Y and Z

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8 View Details

Parliament consists of 120 members: Party A holds 55 seats, Party B 45 seats, and Party C 20 seats. A bill supported by Parties A and C (total 75 seats) is vetoed by the President, who belongs to Party B. The constitution allows the legislature to override a presidential veto with a two‑thirds majority of the whole house. Assuming the judiciary finds the bill constitutional, can the bill become law? Answer ‘Yes' or ‘No'.

A. Yes

B. Yes?

Correct C. No

D. Yes.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 9 View Details

In a recent election, there were 1 200 000 registered voters. Of these, 720 000 cast a valid ballot. What was the voter turnout expressed as a percentage (to the nearest whole percent)?

A. 55

B. 65

C. 50

Correct D. 60

Correct Answer: D

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Question 10 View Details

A constitutional amendment requires a simple majority in the lower house and a three‑fourths majority in the upper house. The lower house has 200 members; 110 vote in favour. The upper house has 100 members; 70 vote in favour. Does the amendment pass? Answer ‘Yes' or ‘No'.

A. Yes, it passes

Correct B. No

C. Yes, it is approved

D. Yes

Correct Answer: B

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Question 11 View Details

A local council's annual revenue is composed of property tax, a central government grant and other sources. The property tax is 0.5 % of the assessed property value, where the assessed value equals 1.2 times the population (in persons) multiplied by ₦10 000. The grant consists of a fixed ₦20 000 000 plus 0.2 % of the total national GDP for the council's population; the national GDP per‑capita is ₦500 000. The council's total revenue is ₦150 000 000 and its population is 80 000. After paying a fixed administrative cost of ₦5 000 000, 12 % of the remaining revenue is allocated to waste‑management. How much money (in Naira) is allocated to waste‑management?

Correct A. 17400000

B. 16500000

C. 18000000

D. 17250000

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12 View Details

A local council receives a total revenue of ₦200 000 000. It gets a central grant equal to 10 % of this revenue, which must be split equally between health and education spending. After the grant, the council decides that the combined spending on health and education should amount to 30 % of the total revenue. The additional amount to be spent on these two services must be divided in the ratio health : education = 3 : 5. The council's population is 120 000. What is the per‑capita spending on health and on education (in Naira, rounded to the nearest Naira)?

Correct A. Health: 208 Naira per person; Education: 292 Naira per person

B. Health: 200 Naira per person; Education: 300 Naira per person

C. Health: 215 Naira per person; Education: 285 Naira per person

D. Health: 210 Naira per person; Education: 290 Naira per person

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13 View Details

Nigeria celebrated its 59th independence anniversary in 2019. In which year did Nigeria gain independence?

A. 1965

B. 1950

Correct C. 1960

D. 1970

Correct Answer: C

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Question 14 View Details

A council of 20 seats uses a mixed‑member proportional system: 10 constituency seats are filled by first‑past‑the‑post and the remaining 10 are list seats to make the overall seat distribution reflect the party‑vote share. Party X won 4 constituency seats and received 40 % of the total party vote. How many list seats does Party X obtain?

A. 2

Correct B. 4

C. 6

D. 5

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15 View Details

A landmark Supreme Court ruling in 1995 established judicial independence. A constitutional amendment in 2010 reinforced the principle of legality. The number of years between these two developments is twice the number of years between Nigeria's independence in 1960 and the establishment of the First Republic in 1963. Is the statement true or false?

A. Neither

B. Both

Correct C. False

D. True

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16 View Details

A bicameral parliament has a lower house of $200$ members and an upper house of $100$ members. A constitutional amendment requires a two‑thirds majority in each house. The amendment receives $130$ votes in favour in the lower house and $70$ votes in favour in the upper house. Does the amendment pass? If it does not, state the minimum additional votes required in each house assuming dissenting members can be persuaded.

A. Yes; it passes with 130 votes in the lower house and 70 votes in the upper house.

Correct B. No; it fails. It needs 4 more votes in the lower house and none in the upper house.

C. No; it fails. It needs 4 more votes in the lower house and 2 more votes in the upper house.

D. No; it fails. It needs 5 more votes in the lower house and none in the upper house.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17 View Details

An amendment to the constitution must be approved by a two‑thirds super‑majority in the National Assembly ($300$ members) and then by a national referendum. The referendum requires at least $60$% of the votes cast to be in favour and a minimum turnout of $50$% of the $10$ million registered voters. In the referendum, $4.8$ million votes are cast, of which $2.9$ million are in favour. Did the amendment succeed?

Correct A. No; the referendum failed because turnout was only 48%, below the required 50%.

B. No; the referendum failed because the turnout was 48%, which is below the required 60% turnout threshold.

C. No; the referendum failed because only 48% of the votes cast were in favour, below the required 60% approval.

D. Yes; the amendment succeeded since the referendum achieved 60.4% approval with a turnout of 48%, meeting the approval threshold.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18 View Details

Three political parties received the following numbers of votes in a proportional‑representation election: Party A - $340{,}000$ votes, Party B - $210{,}000$ votes, Party C - $150{,}000$ votes. Ten seats are to be allocated using the D'Hondt method. How many seats does each party obtain?

A. Party A - 5 seats; Party B - 2 seats; Party C - 3 seats.

Correct B. Party A - 5 seats; Party B - 3 seats; Party C - 2 seats.

C. Party A - 4 seats; Party B - 4 seats; Party C - 2 seats.

D. Party A - 6 seats; Party B - 2 seats; Party C - 2 seats.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 19 View Details

Three pressure groups use the following formula to estimate the probability of a successful campaign: $P = 0.1\log_{10}(\text{members}) + 0.05\log_{10}(\text{budget in £})$. Each group runs four campaigns.\nGroup X: 10,000 members, budget £200,000.\nGroup Y: 5,000 members, budget £150,000.\nGroup Z: 8,000 members, budget £300,000.\nCalculate the expected number of successful campaigns for each group and identify which group has the highest expected success.

A. Group X expects about 2.45 successful campaigns; Group Y about 2.30; Group Z about 2.55.

B. Group X expects about 2.70 successful campaigns; Group Y about 2.40; Group Z about 2.70.

C. Group X and Group Z each expect about 2.80 successful campaigns (Group Y expects about 2.60).

Correct D. Group X and Group Z each expect about 2.66 successful campaigns (Group Y expects about 2.51).

Correct Answer: D

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Question 20 View Details

In the European Union, a decision is adopted by qualified majority voting. The rules are: (i) at least 55 % of member states must support the proposal (rounded up to the next whole state), and (ii) the supporting states must together represent at least 65 % of the total EU population (rounded up to the next whole percent). Consider nine member states with the following votes and population shares (% of total EU population):\n\nState A: 29 votes, 30 %\nState B: 29 votes, 25 %\nState C: 15 votes, 20 %\nState D: 29 votes, 15 %\nState E: 15 votes, 12 %\nState F: 15 votes, 10 %\nState G: 15 votes, 8 %\nState H: 8 votes, 5 %\nState I: 8 votes, 5 %\n\nA coalition of states B, D, E, F and H supports a proposal. Does this coalition satisfy the qualified‑majority criteria? If it does not, identify the smallest‑vote additional state that must join the coalition to meet both criteria.

A. No; the coalition fails the population requirement. Adding State H (8 votes, 5 % population) is the smallest‑vote addition that would achieve the qualified majority.

B. No; the coalition meets the state‑count requirement but not the population threshold. Adding State G (15 votes, 8 % population) would be the smallest‑vote addition to satisfy both criteria.

Correct C. No; the coalition falls short of the population requirement. Adding State C (15 votes, 20 % population) is the smallest‑vote addition that brings the coalition to the qualified majority.

D. Yes; the coalition already satisfies both the 55 % state requirement and the 65 % population requirement, so no additional state is needed.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 21 View Details

A local council's total annual revenue consists of property tax, service fees and a central government grant. Property tax is fixed at ₦3 million and service fees at ₦2 million. The grant is stipulated to be 50 % of the council's total revenue. The council must allocate at least 30 % of its total revenue to social services, exactly 40 % of the grant to infrastructure, and the remaining funds are to be split equally between education and waste‑management. Assuming the council allocates the minimum required to social services, how much can be allocated to waste‑management (in million naira)?

A. 2 million naira

Correct B. 2.5 million naira

C. 3 million naira

D. 2.75 million naira

Correct Answer: B

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Question 22 View Details

Country A's exports to Country B amount to $200 billion, which is 25 % of A's total exports. A diplomatic dispute forces A to choose between two options: (i) impose sanctions that cut trade with B by 60 % and raise the security‑alliance rating by 15 points; (ii) negotiate a compromise that cuts trade with B by 20 % and raise the rating by 5 points. The government will adopt the option that maximises the weighted score $S = 0.7 \times (\text{percentage of total exports retained}) + 0.3 \times (\text{rating increase})$. Which option should be chosen?

Correct A. The compromise option (20 % trade reduction, 5‑point rating increase)

B. The compromise option (20 % trade reduction, 10‑point rating increase)

C. The sanctions option (60 % trade reduction, 15‑point rating increase)

D. The sanctions option (60 % trade reduction, 5‑point rating increase)

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23 View Details

In a country that uses first‑past‑the‑post voting, there are five constituencies each with 100 000 registered voters. Voter turnout in the constituencies is 60 %, 55 %, 70 %, 50 % and 65 % respectively. Party X wins constituencies 1, 3 and 5 with 52 % of the votes cast in each, and loses constituencies 2 and 4 with 48 % of the votes cast. What is the overall percentage of votes cast nationwide that were for Party X (to one decimal place)?

A. 52.3 %

Correct B. 50.6 %

C. 48.2 %

D. 55.0 %

Correct Answer: B

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Question 24 View Details

A ministry has a fixed budget of ₦100 million to be allocated to three programmes: Health (H), Education (E) and Infrastructure (I). The following conditions apply: 1. Each programme must receive at least ₦20 million. 2. Infrastructure must receive at least 40 % of the total budget. 3. The overall effectiveness, defined as $\displaystyle \frac{1.2H + 1.0E + 0.8I}{100}$, must be at least 0.95. 4. Infrastructure cannot exceed twice the amount allocated to Health. What is the minimum amount that can be allocated to Education (in million naira) while satisfying all the conditions?

A. 30 million naira

Correct B. 20 million naira

C. 25 million naira

D. 22 million naira

Correct Answer: B

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Question 25 View Details

A bill on environmental regulation is introduced in the lower house and passes with a majority. The upper house then rejects the bill. Under the constitutional arrangements of the United Kingdom, which mechanism allows the government to ensure the bill becomes law despite the upper house's rejection, and what majority is required in the lower house for that mechanism to work?

A. The Legislative Supremacy; a simple majority in the House of Lords

B. The Royal Assent; a simple majority in the Commons

Correct C. The Parliament Acts; a simple majority in the Commons

D. The Parliament Acts; a two-thirds majority in the Commons

Correct Answer: C

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