Gce Model Questions Vol1 2019 Biology Question 4

Practice essay / theory question 4 from the 2019 Gce Model Questions Vol1 Biology examination. This question covers respiration, human anatomy, physiology .

Gce Model Questions Vol1 2019 Biology Essay / Theory
Topics: respiration human anatomy physiology
Question 4 GCE_MODEL_QUESTIONS_VOL1 • 2019 • BIOLOGY • essay
Gce Model Questions Vol1 2019 Biology Question 4 diagram

The diagram shows the major structures of the human respiratory system, each labelled from A to I.

Question Parts

( a )
i) List the structures labelled A–I in the order that air passes from the external environment to the alveoli. ii) For each structure, state its principal function in the respiratory process.
( b )
Explain the mechanism of external respiration that occurs in the alveoli, describing the role of partial pressure gradients and the structure of the respiratory membrane.
( c )
At rest a healthy adult has a tidal volume of 500 mL and a respiratory rate of 12 breaths min⁻¹. i) Calculate the minute ventilation at rest. ii) During moderate exercise the tidal volume rises to 1000 mL and the rate to 20 breaths min⁻¹; calculate the new minute ventilation and comment on the physiological significance of this change.
( d )
High altitude reduces the ambient partial pressure of oxygen. Discuss two short‑term and two long‑term physiological adaptations that help maintain adequate tissue oxygenation.

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About This Question

This is Gce Model Questions Vol1 2019 Biology Question 4. It is one of the essay questions from the 2019 Gce Model Questions Vol1 Biology examination.

The question covers respiration, human anatomy, physiology .

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