Practice gce model questions vol1 civic_education 2018 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

The total voting‑age population is \(1{,}200{,}000\). Of this, \(85\%\) are registered to vote. Among the registered voters, \(60\%\) actually voted in the last election. Of those who did not vote, \(40\%\) were first‑time voters who are expected to vote in the next election, while the remaining registered voters are expected to maintain the same voting rate. Assuming all first‑time non‑voters will vote next time, what will be the projected voter turnout as a percentage of the total voting‑age population in the next election?

A. 68.0\%

Correct B. 64.6\%

C. 66.8\%

D. 62.3\%

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2 View Details

A country records human‑rights violations in three categories during a year: civil (120 cases), political (80 cases) and economic (100 cases). The severity scores assigned to the categories are 2 for civil, 3 for political and 4 for economic. The compliance index is calculated as \(100 - \) (weighted average severity). Compute the compliance index for the year and state whether it falls below the 95 % threshold that would trigger international sanctions.

A. 95.2\% (sanctions)

Correct B. 97.1\% (no sanctions)

C. 94.8\% (sanctions)

D. 96.5\% (no sanctions)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3 View Details

A public official receives a bribe of amount \(B\) naira. The official must first pay a 10 % income tax on the bribe, then a 5 % administrative fee on the remaining amount, and finally a 2 % security surcharge on the amount after the fee. The official wants the net amount after all deductions to be at least \(500{,}000\) naira. What is the minimum whole‑naira gross bribe amount \(B\) that satisfies this requirement?

A. 600,000 naira

B. 595,000 naira

Correct C. 596,751 naira

D. 590,123 naira

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

In a jurisdiction, traffic offences carry penalty points and fines. Points accumulate over a 12‑month period; if total points exceed 12, the driver's licence is suspended for three months. Points can be reduced by 2 for each good‑driving course completed, up to a maximum reduction of 6 points per year. A driver incurred the following offences in the past year: speeding (3 points, fine \(15{,}000\) naira), running a red light (4 points, fine \(20{,}000\) naira), illegal parking (2 points, fine \(5{,}000\) naira) and using a mobile phone while driving (3 points, fine \(10{,}000\) naira). The driver completed two good‑driving courses, each giving a 5 % discount on the total fine (discounts are cumulative). Determine whether the driver's licence will be suspended and calculate the total fine payable after the discounts.

A. No suspension; total fine payable = 48,750 naira

Correct B. No suspension; total fine payable = 45,000 naira

C. Suspension; total fine payable = 45,000 naira

D. No suspension; total fine payable = 42,500 naira

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

A country has a population of 10 million. The age distribution is as follows: 0‑15 years - 30 %, 16‑17 years - 20 %, 18 years and above - 50 %. Currently, only persons aged 18 years and above may vote. If the legal voting age is lowered to 16 years, by what percentage does the eligible voting population increase compared with the present eligible population?

A. 45\% increase

B. 25\% increase

Correct C. 40\% increase

D. 30\% increase

Correct Answer: C

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Question 6 View Details

In a town of 1,200 eligible voters, \(68\%\) voted in the last election. Overall, 732 people paid their taxes on time. Among those who voted, \(75\%\) paid their taxes on time. How many people who voted did NOT pay their taxes on time?

Correct A. 204

B. 240

C. 180

D. 216

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7 View Details

A prison holds 250 inmates. \(40\%\) of the inmates are women. Of the women, \(30\%\) have been denied access to legal representation. How many women have been denied legal representation?

A. 40

Correct B. 30

C. 35

D. 25

Correct Answer: B

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Question 8 View Details

In a constituency that uses first‑past‑the‑post voting, 10,000 votes were cast. Party A received \(45\%\) of the votes, Party B received \(35\%\) and Party C received \(20\%\). A recount later shows that 200 votes were mistakenly recorded for Party C that actually belonged to Party B. After correcting this error, what is the new vote margin (in number of votes) between Party A and Party B?

Correct A. 800

B. 1200

C. 1000

D. 600

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9 View Details

State one core value that civic education seeks to instill in citizens.

Correct A. Respect for the rule of law

B. Patriotism

C. Economic efficiency

D. Obedience to authority

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10 View Details

In a democratic system, the legislature can pass a bill, the executive may veto it, and the judiciary can declare a law unconstitutional. If a bill is passed by the legislature, vetoed by the executive, the legislature overrides the veto with a two‑thirds majority, but the judiciary later declares the law unconstitutional, which branch has the final authority to determine the law's validity?

Correct A. The judiciary

B. The legislature

C. The executive

D. The people

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11 View Details

Three statements are evaluated against the four core principles of the rule of law: (a) supremacy of law, (b) equality before law, (c) accountability of officials, (d) access to justice. 1. "Laws are publicly promulgated, and are applied equally to all citizens." 2. "Judicial decisions can be overridden by the executive without parliamentary approval." 3. "The legal system provides mechanisms for peaceful dispute resolution, ensures that all citizens have equal protection under the law, and the law is enforced by an independent police force." For each statement, count how many of the four principles it satisfies. What is the total number of principles satisfied across all three statements?

A. 8

Correct B. 6

C. 5

D. 7

Correct Answer: B

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Question 12 View Details

A community leader must choose a value to promote in order to strengthen social cohesion. The two options are: - "Respect for diversity" - "Strict conformity" Which value aligns with the civic‑education principle of social cohesion?

A. Obedience to authority

Correct B. Respect for diversity

C. Uniformity of thought

D. Strict conformity

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13 View Details

In a recent election three parties obtained the following vote shares: Party A (40\%\), Party B (35\%\), Party C (25\%\). Under System X (first‑past‑the‑post) the seats out of 100 are allocated 60, 30 and 10 respectively. Under System Y (proportional representation) seats are allocated proportionally (rounded to the nearest whole seat). Which system yields the smaller total absolute difference between each party's vote share and its seat share? Provide the name of the system.

A. Mixed‑member proportional

B. Single transferable vote

Correct C. Proportional representation

D. First‑past‑the‑post

Correct Answer: C

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Question 14 View Details

The constitution of Country Z limits the President to two terms in office. A newly passed ordinary law seeks to allow a third term. According to the hierarchy of legal authority, what must be done for the third term to be legally permissible?

A. Issue a presidential decree

Correct B. Amend the constitution

C. Hold a national referendum

D. Pass a new ordinary law

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15 View Details

In a general election there were 1,200,000 registered voters and 720,000 votes were cast. Of the votes cast, 60 % were for Party X, 30 % for Party Y and 10 % were invalid. A subsequent by‑election was held in a constituency with 150,000 registered voters, of which 90,000 votes were cast. Eighty percent of the by‑election voters had also voted in the general election. What percentage of the total eligible voters participated in at least one of the two elections? Give your answer to one decimal place.

Correct A. 61.5

B. 62.3

C. 58.7

D. 60.2

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16 View Details

A country has a total population of 20 million people. If \(55\%\) of the population are eligible voters and the voter turnout in the last general election was \(65\%\) of those eligible, how many citizens actually voted? Express your answer in millions to two decimal places.

A. 8.80

Correct B. 7.15

C. 6.50

D. 7.20

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17 View Details

In a parliamentary system with 300 seats, a motion of no confidence requires a simple majority of members present. During a session, 20 members of the ruling party are absent, leaving 280 members present. The opposition holds 140 seats, and the ruling party holds the remaining seats. Can the opposition pass the motion of no confidence?

A. Possibly

B. Undetermined

C. Yes

Correct D. No

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details

A citizen who fails to register to vote within 30 days after turning 18 is fined N200 for the first offence. For each subsequent offence, the fine increases by 10 % of the original N200. If a person missed registration for three consecutive years, what total amount of fine will they have paid after the three years?

Correct A. 660

B. 600

C. 680

D. 640

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

The population of a nation is 12 million. Ethnic group A makes up 42.7 % of the population, group B 33.4 %, and the remaining groups 23.9 %. Seats in a 120‑seat parliament are to be allocated proportionally using the largest remainder method (also known as the Hamilton method). How many seats will group A receive?

A. 50

B. 52

Correct C. 51

D. 48

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

On a highway with a speed limit of 100 km/h, a driver is observed to travel a distance of 250 m between two fixed markers that are passed 5 seconds apart. Assuming the driver's reaction time is 1.5 s and the vehicle can decelerate at 5 m/s², determine whether the driver was exceeding the speed limit. If the driver is found guilty, calculate the number of penalty points, given that for each kilometre per hour over the limit, 0.2 points are added, up to a maximum of 12 points.

A. Yes, 8 points

B. No, 0 points

C. Yes, 10 points

Correct D. Yes, 12 points

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

A university introduced a three‑year anti‑cultism programme. Before the programme, the average number of reported cultism incidents per year was \(48\). After the programme, the average fell to \(24\) per year. Assuming the reduction each year was at a constant percentage rate, what was the average annual percentage reduction (to two decimal places)?

A. 24.00

Correct B. 20.63

C. 22.45

D. 18.92

Correct Answer: B

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Question 22 View Details

An amendment to the constitution requires either (i) a two‑thirds majority in each legislative house, or (ii) at least 75 % of the total votes cast in favour, provided that at least one house achieves a two‑thirds majority. House A has 120 members, of whom 78 voted for the amendment. House B has 90 members, of whom 58 voted for it. Does the amendment pass?

A. Yes (by vote share)

B. Yes

C. Yes (by majority)

Correct D. No

Correct Answer: D

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Question 23 View Details

The Criminal Procedure Code permits a person to be detained without charge for a maximum of 48 hours, after which a magistrate may extend the detention by a further 24 hours once. A suspect was detained for a total of 5 days, during which the magistrate granted two extensions of 24 hours each. Did this detention violate the rule of law?

A. Nope

B. No

Correct C. Yes

D. Negative

Correct Answer: C

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Question 24 View Details

Country X's population consists of four major ethnic groups with the following percentages of the total population: Group A 30 %, Group B 25 %, Group C 20 %, Group D 15 %, and other groups together 10 %. A national council mandates that each major group receive one seat for every 5 % of its population, while the "other" category receives one seat for every 5 % of its combined population. How many seats in total are required on the council?

Correct A. 20

B. 24

C. 22

D. 18

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25 View Details

A community employs a three‑stage conflict‑resolution process. Stage 1 (mediation) reduces the probability of conflict recurrence by 40 %, Stage 2 (arbitration) reduces the remaining probability by 30 %, and Stage 3 (legal action) reduces the remaining probability by 50 %. If the initial probability of recurrence is 0.8, what is the final probability after all three stages (expressed as a decimal to three significant figures)?

A. 0.140

Correct B. 0.168

C. 0.202

D. 0.192

Correct Answer: B

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