waec model questions vol1 2024 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A student is required to determine the period of a simple pendulum made from a uniform metal rod. The rod is measured with a metre rule (least count 0.1 cm) and the following ten successive lengths are recorded (in centimetres): 45.2, 45.3, 45.1, 45.4, 45.2, 45.3, 45.2, 45.3, 45.2, 45.3. The student then suspends the rod from a fixed point and measures the time for 20 complete oscillations with a stopwatch (least count 0.01 s), obtaining 40.12 s. Take g = 9.80 m s⁻². Answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the mean length of the rod and the absolute uncertainty of the mean using the range method (maximum – minimum)/2. Express the length in metres.
(b)
Using the mean length, compute the theoretical period of the pendulum with T = 2π√(L/g). Give the answer to three significant figures.
(c)
Determine the experimental period from the timing data and its absolute uncertainty, taking into account (i) the stopwatch uncertainty and (ii) the length uncertainty propagated through the pendulum formula. Then calculate the percentage difference between the experimental and theoretical periods.
(d)
State two possible sources of systematic error that could affect the period measurement.
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Question 2 View Details
In a mechanics laboratory, a 2.0 kg block is placed on a frictionless air track. Two forces are applied simultaneously as follows: • Force F₁ of magnitude 5.0 N acting 30° above the horizontal to the right. • Force F₂ of magnitude 3.0 N acting horizontally to the left. The block is released from rest and travels a horizontal distance of 4.0 m. Answer the questions below:
Question Parts
(a)
Resolve each force into its horizontal and vertical components (in newtons).
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Question 3 View Details
A cart is released from rest down a smooth inclined plane. The motion is recorded with a ticker timer that marks a dot every 0.02 s. The distances between successive dots for five consecutive intervals are measured as follows: - 0.020 m - 0.025 m - 0.030 m - 0.035 m - 0.040 m The angle of the incline measured with a protractor is 60°. The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m s⁻².
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the magnitude of the cart’s acceleration from the ticker‑timer data, assuming the motion is uniformly accelerated.
(b)
Determine the theoretical component of gravitational acceleration acting along the plane (g sin θ).
(c)
Find the percentage error of the experimental acceleration obtained in part (a) relative to the theoretical value in part (b).
(d)
State two possible sources of error that could have caused the discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical values.
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Question 4 View Details
A spring balance is used to determine the spring constant of a helical spring. Masses are hung from the spring and the corresponding extensions are recorded as follows: | Mass (kg) | Extension (cm) | |-----------|----------------| | 0.10 | 2.0 | | 0.20 | 4.1 | | 0.30 | 6.0 | | 0.40 | 8.2 | | 0.50 | 10.1 | Take g = 9.8 m s⁻². Assume the spring obeys Hooke’s law (F = kx).
Question Parts
(a)
Using the data above, determine the spring constant k (in N m⁻¹). Show the method you use.
(b)
Calculate the mass that would stretch the spring by exactly 5.0 cm.
(c)
State two precautions that should be observed when using a spring balance for such measurements.
(d)
Explain why a graph of extension (x) against load (F) is expected to be a straight line.
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