waec model questions vol1 2024 government | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria outlines the principal functions of government. These functions are essential for the orderly development of the nation.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify and briefly explain the three core functions of government as recognised in the Nigerian constitutional framework.
(b)
Evaluate how each of these functions contributes to national stability in Nigeria, giving one specific example for each function.
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Question 2 View Details
The table below shows the percentage of registered voters who actually voted in the three most recent presidential elections in Nigeria. | Election Year | Voter Turnout (%) | |---------------|-------------------| | 2015 | 43.2 | | 2019 | 35.6 | | 2023 | 28.9 | These figures reflect a declining trend in political participation at the polls.
Question Parts
(a)
Analyse the trend shown in the table and discuss two major factors that could explain the decline in voter turnout between 2015 and 2023.
(b)
Propose two realistic measures that the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) could implement to increase the participation of young voters (aged 18‑35) in the next election, and justify how each measure would address the factors identified in part (a).
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Question 3 View Details
Nigeria operates under the 1999 Constitution which outlines the fundamental principles of governance. Using this Constitution as a reference, answer the following.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the doctrine of separation of powers as embodied in the Nigerian Constitution and state why it is important for democratic governance.
(b)
Discuss two distinct procedures by which the Constitution may be amended, highlighting the role of the National Assembly and the public in each procedure.
(c)
Evaluate the role of the judiciary in protecting fundamental human rights under the Constitution, giving at least one illustrative case or example.
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Question 4 View Details
Nigeria is a federal republic that aspires to consolidate democratic governance. With reference to the Nigerian political system, answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Define democracy and distinguish between direct democracy and representative democracy, giving an example of each as practiced or envisaged in Nigeria.
(b)
Analyse three major challenges that hinder the full consolidation of democracy in Nigeria.
(c)
Propose two practical measures that could strengthen democratic participation at the grassroots level.
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Question 5 View Details
Explain the significance of the rule of law in a democratic society. In your answer, discuss:
Question Parts
(a)
How the rule of law limits the exercise of governmental power.
(b)
The relationship between the rule of law and the protection of fundamental human rights.
(c)
The likely consequences when the rule of law is weak or absent.
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Question 6 View Details
Discuss the doctrine of separation of powers as adopted in the Nigerian Constitution. In your answer, evaluate:
Question Parts
(a)
The distinct functions of the three arms of government.
(b)
The mechanisms that prevent the concentration of power among the arms.
(c)
A recent case where the principle was tested, analysing the outcome and its implications for constitutional governance.
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Question 7 View Details
The National Assembly of Nigeria is the supreme law‑making body. It consists of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the constitutional basis for the existence of a bicameral legislature in Nigeria.
(b)
Discuss the distinct functions of the Senate and the House of Representatives, giving at least two examples for each function.
(c)
Evaluate how the system of checks and balances operates between the National Assembly and the Executive, illustrating with two specific mechanisms.
(d)
Answer the following procedural questions:
() A bill has been passed by the House of Representatives but is rejected by the Senate. Outline the procedural steps that follow according to the Constitution.
() If the President refuses to assent to a bill that has been passed by both chambers, explain the constitutional remedy available to the National Assembly.
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Question 8 View Details
The Executive arm of government in Nigeria is vested in the President, who is assisted by the Vice‑President, the Federal Executive Council and various ministries.
Question Parts
(a)
Analyse the constitutional qualifications and election process for the President of Nigeria, highlighting any two safeguards designed to ensure national unity.
(b)
Describe the composition and principal functions of the Federal Executive Council, and explain how it contributes to policy formulation.
(c)
The President may, under certain circumstances, exercise emergency powers. Discuss the legal limits on such powers and the role of the National Assembly in reviewing them.
(d)
Answer the following accountability questions:
() A minister is alleged to have misused public funds. Outline the procedural steps for accountability under the Constitution and relevant statutes.
() Explain how the concept of “separation of powers” is reflected in the relationship between the President and the National Assembly, providing two concrete examples.
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