Practice waec model questions vol1 geography 2024 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

The map shows two towns, A and B, located on the same meridian. Town A is at latitude 4°N and town B is at latitude 9°N. One degree of latitude corresponds to 111 km on the ground. What is the north‑south distance between the two towns?

A. 500 km

B. 444 km

C. 666 km

Correct D. 555 km

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 2 View Details

A topographic map has a scale of 1:50,000 and a contour interval of 20 m. On the map, the distance between two points P and Q on a hill is 3 cm. Point P lies on the 200‑m contour and point Q on the 260‑m contour. Determine the gradient (in percent) of the slope between P and Q and state whether the slope is gentle, moderate or steep (gentle <5 %, moderate 5‑15 %, steep >15 %).

A. 20 % - steep

B. 2 % - gentle

C. 8 % - moderate

Correct D. 4 % - gentle

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 3 View Details

A town had a population of 150,000 in 2020. The annual birth rate is 30 per 1,000, the death rate is 12 per 1,000 and net migration is +5 per 1,000 each year. Assuming these rates remain constant, what will be the estimated population at the end of 2023?

A. 159,750

B. 162,300

C. 158,400

Correct D. 160,590

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 4 View Details

A 250‑g sample of an igneous rock is analysed and found to contain 28 % quartz, 45 % feldspar, 12 % mica and the remaining minerals. Identify the rock type and calculate the mass of quartz present in the sample.

A. Granite; 75 g quartz

B. Granite; 65 g quartz

C. Diorite; 70 g quartz

Correct D. Granite; 70 g quartz

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 5 View Details

The table shows the average maximum and minimum temperatures (°C) for each month in a tropical coastal city. Month | Max | Min ---|---|--- Jan | 32 | 22 Feb | 33 | 23 Mar | 35 | 24 Apr | 36 | 25 May | 34 | 24 Jun | 30 | 22 Jul | 28 | 20 Aug | 27 | 20 Sep | 29 | 22 Oct | 31 | 23 Nov | 33 | 24 Dec | 32 | 22 Calculate the average annual temperature (average of monthly mean temperatures) and state which month(s) have the greatest diurnal temperature range.

A. Average annual temperature ≈ 27.1 °C; greatest diurnal range in July (9 °C)

Correct B. Average annual temperature ≈ 27.1 °C; greatest diurnal range in March and April (11 °C)

C. Average annual temperature ≈ 26.8 °C; greatest diurnal range in February and March (10 °C)

D. Average annual temperature ≈ 27.4 °C; greatest diurnal range in April and May (12 °C)

Correct Answer: B

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 6 View Details

A region of total area 1,500 km² has a uniform population density of 200 persons per km². Three environmental hazards have the following characteristics per year: Flood - probability 0.12, affects 15% of the area, mitigation factor 0.30; Landslide - probability 0.05, affects 8% of the area, mitigation factor 0.10; Drought - probability 0.20, affects 25% of the area, mitigation factor 0.40. The risk index for a hazard is defined as Risk = Probability × (Affected population) × (1 - mitigation factor). Which hazard has the highest risk index?

A. Earthquake

B. Flood

C. Landslide

Correct D. Drought

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 7 View Details

On a map the distance between Town A and Town B is 4.2 cm. The map scale is 1 : 25,000. If a vehicle travels the actual distance at an average speed of 60 km/h, how many minutes will the journey take? Give your answer to two decimal places.

Correct A. 1.05

B. 0.96

C. 1.25

D. 0.84

Correct Answer: A

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 8 View Details

City A is located at 6°30' N, 3°20' E and City B at 6°45' N, 3°50' E. Using the approximation that 1° of latitude equals 111 km and that the east‑west length of 1° of longitude equals 111 km × cos(latitude), estimate the straight‑line distance between the two cities to the nearest kilometre.

A. 55 km

B. 58 km

Correct C. 62 km

D. 70 km

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 9 View Details

A student travels from Town X to Town Y using a bus followed by a train. Buses leave Town X every 30 minutes starting at 06:00 and take 45 minutes to reach the train station, travelling at 60 km/h over a distance of 45 km. Trains depart the station every hour on the hour, travel 100 km at 80 km/h (duration 1 hour 20 minutes), and a minimum transfer time of 10 minutes is required between the bus arrival and the train departure. If the student must arrive in Town Y before 20:00, what is the latest possible departure time from Town X?

A. 15:30

B. 16:00

C. 17:00

Correct D. 16:30

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 10 View Details

A factory currently produces 5,000 units per month with 200 workers. Management plans three successive improvements: (i) mechanisation will raise total output by 20% but will reduce the workforce by 15% of the original number; (ii) a training programme will increase each remaining worker's productivity by 10%; (iii) the programme also reduces the defect rate, giving an additional 5% increase in effective output. After all three measures are implemented, what is the new total monthly output (in units) and what is the average output per worker (to one decimal place)?

A. 6600 units; 38.8 units per worker

B. 6930 units; 40.7647 units per worker

C. 6930 units; 37.5 units per worker

Correct D. 6930 units; 40.8 units per worker

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 11 View Details

A cement factory can be located at Site X or Site Y. Raw limestone is sourced from a quarry 30 km from X and 45 km from Y. Transport cost for raw material is ₦150 per tonne per kilometre. The factory will produce 2,000 tonnes of cement per month, requiring an equal amount of raw material. Finished cement is sold to a market 80 km from X and 60 km from Y, with transport cost ₦200 per tonne per kilometre. Labor cost is ₦500 per worker per day at X and ₦450 per worker per day at Y; the factory needs 120 workers and operates 30 days a month. Fixed overheads are identical at both sites. Which site gives the lower total monthly cost and what is the cost difference (in ₦)?

A. Site Y; ₦1,200,000 higher

B. Site X; ₦2,450,000 lower

C. Site X; ₦4,100,000 higher

Correct D. Site Y; ₦3,680,000 lower

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 12 View Details

A bus company can travel between City A and City B via two alternative routes. Route 1 is 120 km long, the bus averages 60 km/h, and fuel consumption is 0.4 L per km. Route 2 is 150 km long, the bus averages 75 km/h, and fuel consumption is 0.35 L per km. Fuel price is ₦165 per litre. Each ticket costs ₦500, the bus has a capacity of 40 seats and an average occupancy of 80% on both routes. Ignoring all costs except fuel, which route yields the higher profit per trip and by how much (in ₦)?

Correct A. Route 1; ₦742.5

B. Route 2; ₦500.0

C. Route 2; ₦850.0

D. Route 1; ₦600.0

Correct Answer: A

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 13 View Details

A catchment area of 2.5 km² consists of 40% residential land (runoff coefficient C = 0.7), 30% agricultural land (C = 0.3) and 30% forest (C = 0.15). A storm lasting 30 minutes has a rainfall intensity of 20 mm/h. Using the rational method Q = C i A (Q in m³/s, i in mm/h, A in km²), determine the peak discharge. If the existing drainage pipe can convey 0.8 m³/s, will it be adequate? Answer Yes or No and, if No, state the additional capacity required (in m³/s, rounded to two decimal places).

Correct A. No; additional 4.96 m³/s

B. No; additional 3.45 m³/s

C. No; additional 5.12 m³/s

D. Yes

Correct Answer: A

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 14 View Details

The town of Lokoja is situated at 7° 48' N latitude and 6° 44' E longitude. Express its latitude in decimal degrees, rounded to two decimal places.

Correct A. 7.80° N

B. 7.80° S

C. 7.75° N

D. 7.85° N

Correct Answer: A

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 15 View Details

Two regions are being evaluated for cocoa cultivation. The requirements for cocoa are: rainfall between 1,500 mm and 2,000 mm per year, mean temperature between 21 °C and 27 °C, and a soil fertility index of at least 0.6.\n\nRegion A: rainfall 1,650 mm, temperature 24 °C, soil fertility index 0.55. A fertilizer can raise the soil fertility index by 0.1 at a cost of ₦150,000 per hectare.\nRegion B: rainfall 1,800 mm, temperature 22 °C, soil fertility index 0.68.\nThe area to be cultivated in each region is 50 ha, and the expected cocoa yield is 2 tonnes per hectare. Transporting cocoa beans from Region B to market costs ₦1.5 per km per tonne over a distance of 120 km. No transport cost is incurred for Region A (the market is adjacent). Determine which region offers the lower total cost per tonne of cocoa produced, taking into account fertilizer cost (if needed) and transport cost. Provide the region name as the answer.

A. Region A

Correct B. Region B

C. Region D

D. Region C

Correct Answer: B

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 16 View Details

In a region the overall environmental hazard index H is calculated as H = 0.4F + 0.35L + 0.25D, where F, L and D are the normalized scores (0-10) for flood, landslide and drought respectively. The reported overall index is 6.2. It is known that the flood score is twice the drought score and the landslide score is 1.5 points higher than the drought score. What is the drought score (to two decimal places)?

A. 3.95

B. 4.20

Correct C. 4.05

D. 4.50

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 17 View Details

A farmer has 150 hectares to allocate between maize and soybeans. Maize yields 3.5 tonnes per hectare and requires 1.2 units of fertilizer per hectare; soybeans yield 2.8 tonnes per hectare and require 0.8 units of fertilizer per hectare. The farmer possesses 150 units of fertilizer and 180 units of water. Maize consumes 1.5 units of water per hectare while soybeans consume 1.0 unit per hectare. At least 30 hectares must be planted to soybeans. What is the maximum total production (in tonnes) the farmer can obtain under these constraints?

Correct A. 462

B. 434

C. 450

D. 473

Correct Answer: A

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 18 View Details

Region A covers 10,000 km² and 35% of its land is arable. Region B covers 8,000 km². The combined arable land of the two regions is 5,500 km² and Region B has 1,200 km² of forest. What percentage of Region B is classified as urban/others?

A. 70

B. 40

C. 55

Correct D. 60

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 19 View Details

A bus travels 240 km from City X to City Y. The first 120 km are on a highway at a constant speed v km/h; the remaining 120 km are on a rural road at a speed 20 km/h slower than on the highway. If the total travel time is exactly 5 hours, what is the highway speed v (in km/h)?

A. 70

B. 50

Correct C. 60

D. 55

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 20 View Details

A catchment area of 25 km² receives a uniform rainfall of 120 mm over 24 hours. The land cover is 60% permeable with an infiltration capacity of 5 mm per hour, and 40% impervious. Assuming infiltration occurs at its maximum capacity on the permeable portion for the whole rainfall period, calculate the total runoff volume (in cubic metres) generated from the catchment.

Correct A. 1200000

B. 3000000

C. 1800000

D. 900000

Correct Answer: A

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 21 View Details

A rock sample consists of 40% quartz, 30% feldspar, 20% mica and 10% other minerals by volume. During chemical weathering quartz remains unchanged, feldspar loses 25% of its volume, mica loses 40% of its volume and the other minerals disappear completely. What is the percentage of quartz in the remaining solid material after weathering? Express your answer to one decimal place.

A. 61.2

B. 57.1

C. 46.3

Correct D. 53.7

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 22 View Details

A farmer intends to grow maize on 5 ha. Two fertilizer blends are available: - Blend A: 20 % N, 10 % P₂O₅, 5 % K₂O - Blend B: 12 % N, 18 % P₂O₅, 12 % K₂O The crop requires per hectare: 120 kg N, 60 kg P₂O₅ and 40 kg K₂O. The farmer will apply a mixture of the two blends so that the total amount of fertilizer applied per hectare is as small as possible while meeting or exceeding each nutrient requirement. What proportion of Blend A (as a percentage of the total fertilizer applied per hectare) should be used in the optimal mixture? Give your answer to one decimal place.

A. 78.5

B. 90.0

Correct C. 82.9

D. 85.3

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 23 View Details

A town had a population of 45,000 in 2010. Each year the natural increase (births minus deaths) adds 1.2 % of the current population. In the same year, 2 % of the population migrates out, while the town attracts a constant 500 new migrants. Assuming these changes occur sequentially each year, what is the estimated population in 2020 (after 10 years)? Round to the nearest whole number.

A. 45200

B. 48012

C. 47000

Correct D. 46351

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 24 View Details

A soil sample is composed of 30 % sand, 45 % silt and 25 % clay by weight. The field capacity (FC) can be estimated by FC (%) = 0.2 × %sand + 0.4 × %silt + 0.5 × %clay, and the wilting point (WP) by WP (%) = 0.1 × %sand + 0.3 × %silt + 0.4 × %clay. What is the available water capacity (AWC = FC - WP) of this soil, expressed as a percentage?

A. 9

Correct B. 10

C. 7

D. 12

Correct Answer: B

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 25 View Details

The following table gives the monthly precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) for a region (values in millimetres).\n\n| Month | P (mm) | PET (mm) | |-------|--------|----------| | Jan | 120 | 80 | | Feb | 80 | 70 | | Mar | 60 | 60 | | Apr | 40 | 50 | | May | 20 | 40 | | Jun | 10 | 30 | | Jul | 5 | 20 | | Aug | 10 | 20 | | Sep | 30 | 30 | | Oct | 70 | 50 | | Nov | 100 | 70 | | Dec | 130 | 80 | \nFor each month, the water deficit is PET - P when PET > P; otherwise the deficit is zero. Calculate the total annual water deficit (in mm).

A. 55

B. 85

C. 65

Correct D. 75

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

waec model questions vol1 2024 geography | Objective

Master the Exam!

Help others prepare! Share this practice hub: