Practice waec model questions vol1 civic_education 2024 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

In a state assembly of 120 seats elected by proportional representation, a party originally received \(18\%\) of the total \(500\,000\) votes. A recount shows that \(2\%\) of the total votes (i.e., 10\,000 votes) were invalidly counted for that party. Determine the party's revised vote percentage, state whether it still meets the \(5\%\) electoral threshold, and calculate the minimum number of seats the party would obtain if seats are allocated strictly proportionally to the revised vote share (round down to the nearest whole seat).

A. Revised percentage = 17.33\%, meets threshold, seats = 20

B. Revised percentage = 15.33\%, meets threshold, seats = 18

Correct C. Revised percentage = 16.33\%, meets threshold, seats = 19

D. Revised percentage = 16.33\%, does not meet threshold, seats = 19

Correct Answer: C

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Question 2 View Details

A government infrastructure project is budgeted at \(\text{₦}200\) million. The contractor inflates the contract price by \(8\%\) and then pays a corporate tax of \(10\%\) on the inflated amount. After tax, the contractor siphons off kick‑backs equal to \(12\%\) of the original budget. Calculate (a) the total loss to public funds resulting from the extra tax paid because of the inflated price and the kick‑backs, and (b) the effective percentage of the original budget that is actually spent on the intended project.

A. Total loss = ₦26.4 million; effective spending = 86.4\%

B. Total loss = ₦25.6 million; effective spending = 85.0\%

C. Total loss = ₦24.0 million; effective spending = 88.0\%

Correct D. Total loss = ₦25.6 million; effective spending = 87.2\%

Correct Answer: D

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Question 3 View Details

A country has a population of \(8\) million citizens. Only \(60\%\) are aged 18 years or older and thus eligible to vote. Of the eligible citizens, \(5\%\) are disenfranchised because of criminal convictions. In a national referendum, \(2.1\) million votes were cast. (a) What percentage of the total citizenry actually voted? (b) Does the referendum satisfy the constitutional requirement that at least \(40\%\) of all citizens participate?

A. 28.1\\% turnout; requirement not met

Correct B. 26.3\% turnout; requirement not met

C. 24.7\\% turnout; requirement not met

D. 26.3\\% turnout; requirement met

Correct Answer: B

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Question 4 View Details

A civil servant earns a basic salary of \(\text{₦}480{,}000\). The government introduces a two‑stage salary increase: first, an \(8\%\) raise on the basic salary; second, a performance allowance equal to \(5\%\) of the new basic salary. For senior staff (basic salary above \(\text{₦}500{,}000\)) the performance allowance is capped at \(\text{₦}30{,}000\), but this employee is not senior. Determine (a) the final gross salary after both increases, and (b) the overall percentage increase from the original basic salary to the final gross salary.

Correct A. Final gross = ₦544,320; overall increase = 13.4\%

B. Final gross = ₦543,200; overall increase = 13.2\\%

C. Final gross = ₦540,000; overall increase = 12.5\\%

D. Final gross = ₦550,000; overall increase = 14.6\\%

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5 View Details

A driver commits three offences on the same day: (i) speeding 20 km/h over the limit (fine \(\text{₦}15{,}000\)), (ii) driving without a seat‑belt (fine \(\text{₦}10{,}000\)), and (iii) using a mobile phone while driving (fine \(\text{₦}12{,}000\)). The traffic law provides that (a) if a driver commits multiple offences within 24 hours, a surcharge of \(20\%\) of the total fines is added; (b) a first‑time offender may have \(10\%\) of each fine waived before any surcharge; and (c) if the total amount is paid within 7 days, a discount of \(15\%\) on the amount (including surcharge) is granted. Assuming the driver is a first‑time offender and pays within the discount period, calculate the final amount payable.

Correct A. ₦33,966

B. ₦34,965

C. ₦39,960

D. ₦28,305

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6 View Details

A person earning a monthly salary of ₦150,000 is convicted of a second offence of drug trafficking. The law states that the fine for a second offence is (30\%\) of the offender's monthly salary, but if the offender has previously paid a community‑service fine equal to (10\%\) of the salary for a minor possession charge, the second‑offence fine is reduced by one‑half. What is the amount of the fine the offender must now pay?

A. 15000

B. 45000

C. 30000

Correct D. 22500

Correct Answer: D

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Question 7 View Details

A public officer with an annual salary of ₦5,000,000 receives a bribe of ₦2,000,000. The Anti‑Corruption Act imposes a monetary penalty equal to (150\%\) of the bribe amount and a fine equal to (10\%\) of the officer's annual salary. If the officer voluntarily reports the bribe before any investigation begins, the penalty is reduced by 40 % and the fine is waived. Assuming the officer reports the bribe before investigation, what total amount must the officer pay (including the return of the bribe, the reduced penalty and any fine)?

A. 3500000

B. 2500000

C. 3300000

Correct D. 3800000

Correct Answer: D

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Question 8 View Details

The constitution requires a two‑thirds majority in both the Senate (109 members) and the House of Representatives (360 members) to adopt a constitutional amendment. A proposed amendment receives 70 votes in the Senate and 240 votes in the House. (a) Does the amendment pass? (b) If it does not, how many additional votes are needed in each chamber to meet the two‑thirds requirement?

A. Yes; Senate needs 0 more votes, House needs 0 more votes

Correct B. No; Senate needs 3 more votes, House needs 0 more votes

C. No; Senate needs 5 more votes, House needs 2 more votes

D. No; Senate needs 2 more votes, House needs 1 more votes

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9 View Details

Section 34 of the constitution guarantees the right of peaceful assembly, subject to reasonable restrictions in the interest of public safety. The police refuse to issue a permit for a public protest on environmental protection, citing possible traffic congestion. Using the three‑part test for permissible restrictions (legality, legitimate aim, necessity), determine whether the police's refusal is constitutional.

A. Valid

B. Partially constitutional

C. Constitutional

Correct D. Unconstitutional

Correct Answer: D

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Question 10 View Details

According to the 1999 Nigerian Constitution, at what minimum age may a citizen register to vote in federal elections?

A. 21

B. 25

Correct C. 18

D. 16

Correct Answer: C

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Question 11 View Details

In a constituency there are \(20,000\) registered voters. In the primary election, \(60\%\) of the registered voters turned out. Candidate A received \(55\%\) of the votes cast in the primary. For the subsequent general election, the turnout is expected to increase by \(20\%\) relative to the primary turnout, and Candidate A expects to retain all of his primary voters and to gain an additional \(10\%\) of the primary non‑voters. How many total votes will Candidate A receive in the general election?

A. 7200

B. 6600

C. 8000

Correct D. 7400

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details

The government has introduced a civic‑duty tax of \(2\%\) of a citizen's annual income for each year the citizen fails to vote in the two most recent elections. A citizen earned \(\₦500,000\) each year for the past three years. He voted only in the first year and did not vote in the second and third years. How much total civic‑duty tax must he pay for the three‑year period?

A. 25000

Correct B. 20000

C. 30000

D. 15000

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13 View Details

A local government area has \(150,000\) registered voters. In the last election the voter turnout was \(55\%\). In the most recent election the turnout rose to \(60\%\). The council aims to achieve a turnout of at least \(70\%\) in the next election. Assuming the number of registered voters remains the same, how many additional voters must turn out in the next election beyond the number who turned out in the most recent election to meet the \(70\%\) target?

A. 12000

B. 7500

C. 22500

Correct D. 15000

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

A person was arrested on 1 June 2024 and charged with offence A. The law requires that the charge for offence A be filed within 30 days of the arrest, otherwise the case must be dismissed. The same person was also charged with offence B on 20 June 2024, and the filing deadline for offence B is 45 days from the date of arrest. If the prosecutor files the charge for offence A on 28 June 2024, what is the latest calendar date on which the charge for offence B can be filed without breaching the filing deadline?

Correct A. 16 July 2024

B. 17 July 2024

C. 15 July 2024

D. 31 July 2024

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15 View Details

The constitution can be amended only if (i) at least two‑thirds of the members present and voting in each house of the National Assembly approve the amendment, and (ii) a national referendum obtains a majority of at least \(50\%\)+\(1\) of all registered voters. The lower house has 200 members, the upper house 100 members. In a proposed amendment, 70 % of the lower‑house members attend the session and 80 % of the upper‑house members attend. The country has 800,000 registered voters. What is the minimum number of ‘yes' votes required in (a) the lower house, (b) the upper house, and (c) the referendum for the amendment to be valid?

A. Lower house: 93; Upper house: 53; Referendum: 400001

Correct B. Lower house: 94; Upper house: 54; Referendum: 400001

C. Lower house: 100; Upper house: 60; Referendum: 400000

D. Lower house: 94; Upper house: 55; Referendum: 400002

Correct Answer: B

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Question 16 View Details

The Constitution provides that an amendment must be passed by a two‑thirds majority of the members present in each House of the National Assembly, and thereafter be approved in a national referendum where at least 50 % of registered voters must turn out and at least two‑thirds of those votes must be in favour. The Senate has 109 members and the House of Representatives has 360 members. In a particular session, (95) Senators and (270) Representatives are present. What is the minimum total number of "yes" votes required in the two houses combined to satisfy the constitutional requirement for passage of the amendment?

A. 236

Correct B. 244

C. 250

D. 242

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17 View Details

In a recent civic‑responsibility survey, (80%) of citizens said that paying taxes is a civic responsibility. Among those who consider paying taxes a responsibility, (75%) also consider voting a responsibility. Among the remaining (20%) who do not consider paying taxes a responsibility, only (30%) consider voting a responsibility. What proportion of all citizens consider voting a civic responsibility?

Correct A. 66

B. 75

C. 70

D. 58

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18 View Details

Which of the following is NOT listed among the fundamental values promoted by the Nigerian Constitution?

Correct A. Economic efficiency

B. National unity

C. Social justice

D. Human dignity

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

The principle of "rule of law" primarily emphasizes which value?

Correct A. Equality before the law

B. Supremacy of the constitution

C. Separation of powers

D. Judicial independence

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20 View Details

According to the Constitution, the right to free and compulsory basic education is guaranteed. A new law allows children to attend public primary schools without tuition, but requires each parent to purchase a uniform costing \(\text{₦}10{,}000\) per child. Assuming the average household income is \(\text{₦}200{,}000\) per year, calculate the percentage of household income that would be spent on uniforms for a family with two school‑age children, and state whether this cost likely constitutes a violation of the constitutional right to free education. Use a threshold of \(5\%\) of household income as the maximum permissible expense for exercising a constitutional right.

Correct A. 10% - violates the constitutional right to free education

B. 8% - violates the constitutional right to free education

C. 10% - does not violate the constitutional right to free education

D. 5% - does not violate the constitutional right to free education

Correct Answer: A

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Question 21 View Details

State one core value that the Nigerian Constitution emphasizes to promote national unity.

Correct A. National unity

B. Economic development

C. Freedom of speech

D. Rule of law

Correct Answer: A

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Question 22 View Details

The Public Procurement Act prohibits a public officer from accepting gifts whose total value exceeds \(10{,}000\) naira within any 12‑month period. Officer Y received three gifts: a watch worth \(4{,}500\) naira six months ago, a dinner invitation valued at \(3{,}200\) naira fourteen months ago, and a set of books worth \(3{,}800\) naira three months ago. Determine whether Officer Y violated the Act.

A. Yes, Officer Y violated the Act due to the recent gift of books worth 3,800 naira

Correct B. No, Officer Y did not violate the Act

C. Yes, Officer Y violated the Act as the combined value of the gifts is 11,500 naira

D. Yes, Officer Y violated the Act because the total value of gifts exceeds 10,000 naira

Correct Answer: B

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Question 23 View Details

Name one fundamental right guaranteed to every Nigerian citizen by the Constitution.

A. Right to property

B. Right to education

C. Right to free speech

Correct D. Right to vote

Correct Answer: D

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Question 24 View Details

According to civil service promotion rules, a staff member is eligible for promotion if (i) they have completed at least 5 years in the current grade, and (ii) they have achieved a performance rating of at least 4.0 in each of the last two appraisal cycles. Officer A has served 4 years and 8 months with ratings 4.2 and 3.9. Officer B has served 5 years and 2 months with ratings 3.8 and 4.1. Which officer(s), if any, are eligible for promotion?

A. Both officers

Correct B. None

C. Officer A only

D. Officer B only

Correct Answer: B

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Question 25 View Details

Under the Nigerian Criminal Code, participation in a cult is punishable as follows: (i) a member who commits a violent act faces a minimum of 5 years imprisonment; (ii) a member who provides logistical support faces 2-4 years; (iii) a non‑member who aids a cult in procuring weapons faces 3-6 years. Mr. X is charged with: (a) being a registered member of a cult; (b) not personally committing violence, but supplying money used to purchase firearms for the cult; (c) the firearms were later used in an armed robbery. Assuming the judge applies the most severe applicable provision, what is the range of imprisonment that may be imposed on Mr. X?

Correct A. 3 to 6 years imprisonment

B. 5 to 10 years imprisonment

C. 2 to 4 years imprisonment

D. 5 years imprisonment

Correct Answer: A

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