waec model questions vol1 2024 agricultural_science | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A field survey was carried out in a mixed‑cropping farm to assess the biodiversity of insect pollinators. The following table records the number of individuals of each pollinator species observed during a 30‑minute visual count. | Species | Number observed | |---------|-----------------| | A | 45 | | B | 30 | | C | 15 | | D | 10 | | E | 0 | Using the data, answer the questions below.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the proportion (pᵢ) of the total individuals represented by each species (A–D).
(b)
Using the proportions obtained in (a), compute Simpson’s Diversity Index (D = Σpᵢ²) and then express the Simpson’s Index of Diversity (1‑D).
(c)
Interpret the value obtained in (b) in terms of pollinator diversity on the farm and suggest ONE practical management measure that could improve the diversity further.
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Question 2 View Details
A soil sample was taken from a newly cultivated field to evaluate its suitability for maize production. The following laboratory data were obtained: 1. Dry weight of the 200 g air‑dry soil sample = 200 g (by definition). 2. After saturating the sample with water, the saturated weight = 260 g. 3. After allowing the sample to drain to field capacity, the weight = 240 g. 4. Particle‑size analysis of the same 200 g dry sample gave: - Sand = 120 g - Silt = 50 g - Clay = 30 g Using the information above, answer the questions that follow.
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the percentage of sand, silt and clay in the sample and state the USDA soil‑texture class (use the standard triangle classification).
(b)
Calculate the gravimetric water content at field capacity (θ_g) and then convert it to volumetric water content (θ_v) assuming a bulk density of 1.4 g cm⁻³. Use the relationship θ_v = θ_g × (ρ_b / ρ_w) where ρ_w = 1 g cm⁻³.
(c)
Based on the texture class and the field‑capacity water content obtained, evaluate the suitability of the soil for maize and recommend ONE soil amendment that could improve its performance.
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Question 3 View Details
A student is given a standard hand hoe for a practical test. The hoe has a wooden handle and a metal blade. The student is required to:
Question Parts
(a)
Identify and name three major parts of the hand hoe.
(b)
Using a metric ruler, measure the length of the handle from the butt end to the point where it meets the blade. Record the length in centimetres (cm).
(c)
A load of 15 kg of soil is lifted by the hoe through a vertical displacement of 0.20 m while the student applies a steady effort force of 120 N at the handle end, moving it through a distance of 2.00 m. Calculate the efficiency of the hoe as a simple lever. (Use g = 9.8 m/s² and express efficiency as a percentage to one decimal place.)
(d)
Suggest two ergonomic measures that could reduce the farmer’s fatigue when using the hand hoe for prolonged work.
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Question 4 View Details
A small tractor is to be used for ploughing a 2‑hectare field. The tractor has a rated engine power of 15 kW and consumes fuel at a rate of 5 L per hour when operating at full load. The plough attached to the tractor has a working width of 0.75 m and the desired forward speed is 5 km/h.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the total time required to plough the entire field, assuming continuous operation and no overlap between passes.
(b)
Based on the time calculated in part (a), determine the total volume of fuel required for the operation.
(c)
The draft force (D) required to pull the plough can be estimated by D = 1000 × w × v², where w is the plough width in metres and v is the tractor speed in m/s. Compute the draft force, the power needed to overcome this draft (P = D × v), and state whether the tractor’s rated power of 15 kW is adequate.
(d)
List two precautionary measures that should be observed when operating the tractor on wet soil to avoid slippage and soil compaction.
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