waec model questions vol1 2023 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A metal rod is to be measured for its length using two different instruments: a wooden metre rule (MR) and a digital vernier caliper (VC). The rod is placed on a flat table and the following readings are recorded: MR readings (cm): 24.3, 24.5, 24.4 VC readings (cm): 24.38, 24.42, 24.40 The experimenter is required to analyse the data and comment on the reliability of the two instruments.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average length obtained with the metre rule and with the vernier caliper.
(b)
Find the percentage difference between the two average lengths.
(c)
State which instrument is more precise and give a brief justification.
(d)
Identify two possible sources of systematic error for each instrument and suggest one practical method to minimise each error.
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Question 2 View Details
A force table is set up to investigate vector addition. Two known forces are applied as follows: - Force A: 5.0 N acting along the 0° direction (horizontal to the right). - Force B: 8.0 N acting at 60° measured anticlockwise from the 0° direction. A third force, C, is applied at 150° in order to bring the system to equilibrium (resultant zero). The magnitude of C is not known and must be determined. After the forces are balanced, a spring balance placed at the centre of the table records a resultant force of 2.3 N acting at 45°. Using the recorded data, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant of forces A and B.
(b)
Calculate the magnitude of force C required to bring the system to equilibrium.
(c)
Using the spring‑balance reading (2.3 N at 45°), compute the percentage error in magnitude compared with the theoretical resultant obtained in part (a).
(d)
Suggest two plausible reasons for the large discrepancy between the measured and theoretical resultants.
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Question 3 View Details
A student investigates the motion of a toy car moving down a smooth inclined plane. The car starts from rest at the top of the plane. Distances measured along the plane and the corresponding times recorded with a digital stopwatch are given in the table. | Distance (m) | Time (s) | |--------------|----------| | 0.5 | 0.90 | | 1.0 | 1.30 | | 1.5 | 1.65 | | 2.0 | 1.95 | | 2.5 | 2.20 | Using the data, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Plot distance (s) against time (t) and determine the gradient of the best‑fit straight line. State briefly how the gradient is obtained from the data.
(b)
Using the gradient obtained, calculate the average speed of the car and hence determine the acceleration, assuming the motion is uniformly accelerated from rest.
(c)
State two possible sources of error in this experiment and suggest one method to minimise each.
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Question 4 View Details
A spring is investigated by the static method. Masses are suspended from the spring and the extension produced is measured with a metre rule. The data obtained are shown below. | Mass (kg) | Extension (cm) | |-----------|----------------| | 0.10 | 1.2 | | 0.20 | 2.5 | | 0.30 | 3.8 | | 0.40 | 5.0 | | 0.50 | 6.3 | Using g = 9.8 m s⁻², answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Convert the extensions to metres and the masses to forces (N). Plot force (N) against extension (m) and determine the gradient of the best‑fit straight line.
(b)
State the value of the spring constant k of the spring.
(c)
A mass of 0.60 kg is now hung from the spring. Using the value of k obtained, calculate: i) the extension produced, ii) the elastic potential energy stored in the spring.
(d)
Explain why the force‑extension graph should pass through the origin and give one reason why, in practice, the experimental line may not pass exactly through the origin.
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