waec model questions vol1 2023 government | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Consider the role of government in a modern democratic society.
Question Parts
(a)
Define *government* and distinguish it from the *state*.
(b)
Outline the three main functions of government.
(c)
Explain why the separation of powers is essential for good governance.
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Question 2 View Details
In the most recent general election in Nigeria, voter turnout was reported as 45 % in urban areas and 30 % in rural areas.
Question Parts
(a)
Analyse the disparity in turnout between urban and rural areas, citing at least three socio‑political factors that could explain the difference.
(b)
Discuss two advantages and two disadvantages of introducing compulsory voting as a means to raise overall participation.
(c)
Propose two realistic measures that INEC could adopt to improve voter turnout in rural areas, and justify each measure.
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Question 3 View Details
The 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria provides the legal framework for governance.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the principle of separation of powers as enshrined in the Constitution, citing the three arms of government and their main functions.
(b)
The Constitution can be amended only in certain ways. Describe the procedure for amending the Constitution, distinguishing between amendment by the National Assembly and amendment by a Constitutional Conference.
(c)
Using the amendment procedure, evaluate the feasibility of introducing a provision for a two‑term limit for the President, considering the political and legal implications.
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Question 4 View Details
Democracy is the prevailing form of government in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Define democracy in the Nigerian context and distinguish between direct and representative democracy, giving examples of each as practiced in Nigeria.
(b)
Discuss three essential characteristics of a functional democracy and explain how they are reflected (or not) in Nigeria's political system.
(c)
The 2019 general elections were contested by multiple parties. Analyze how the principle of "free, fair, and credible elections" was upheld or compromised during these elections, citing at least two specific incidents.
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Question 5 View Details
The Rule of Law is a cornerstone of democratic governance. Using relevant examples, discuss its significance in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the Rule of Law and distinguish it from the rule of man.
(b)
Explain at least three ways in which the Rule of Law contributes to political stability and economic development in Nigeria.
(c)
Identify two major challenges to the full implementation of the Rule of Law in Nigeria and suggest practical measures to overcome each challenge.
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Question 6 View Details
Separation of Powers is a fundamental principle of Nigeria’s constitutional democracy. Analyse its operation and the challenges it faces.
Question Parts
(a)
State the doctrine of Separation of Powers and briefly describe the primary function of each of the three branches of government in Nigeria.
(b)
Explain how the system of checks and balances operates among the three branches, giving one concrete example for each interaction.
(c)
Identify two major challenges that undermine effective separation of powers in Nigeria and suggest how the constitution or reforms could address each challenge.
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Question 7 View Details
The National Assembly is the principal legislative organ of the Federation.
Question Parts
(a)
State the constitutional provision that determines the composition of the National Assembly and explain the rationale behind having a bicameral legislature in Nigeria.
(b)
Discuss three major functions of the National Assembly and evaluate how each function enhances democratic governance in Nigeria.
(c)
A bill passed by the National Assembly is alleged to be inconsistent with the fundamental right to freedom of expression guaranteed by the Constitution. Outline the procedural steps that would be taken to resolve this conflict, citing the relevant constitutional articles and the role of the judiciary.
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Question 8 View Details
The Executive arm of government is vested in the President and the Federal Executive Council.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the constitutional powers of the President of the Federation, distinguishing between executive, legislative and limited judicial functions.
(b)
Evaluate the role of the Federal Executive Council (FEC) in policy formulation, giving two concrete examples of how the FEC’s decisions have shaped national policy.
(c)
A presidential executive order is challenged on the ground that it exceeds the powers conferred by the Constitution. Describe the legal process of judicial review that would be followed and discuss two possible outcomes of the review.
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