waec model questions vol1 2023 geography | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A topographic map of a region is drawn at a scale of 1 : 40,000. On the map, the straight‑line distance between Village A and Village B measured with a ruler is 9.5 cm. The two villages lie on the same contour line of 250 m above sea level. A small hill, Hill C, is situated midway between the villages and is shown by a closed contour line of 350 m. The contour interval on the map is 50 m.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the actual ground distance between Village A and Village B in kilometres.
(b)
Determine the average slope (gradient) between the villages and Hill C. Express the slope as a percentage. Assume the horizontal distance from the line AB to Hill C is half the ground distance AB.
(c)
State one possible source of error when using this method to estimate the slope on a map.
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Question 2 View Details
A field survey was carried out to estimate the area of a rectangular agricultural plot. The plot is bounded by a road on the north, a river on the south, and hedgerows on the east and west. A plan of the plot is drawn at a scale of 1 : 5,000. On the plan the length of the plot measures 12.4 cm and the width measures 8.6 cm. The surveyor also recorded that the actual length of the road bordering the plot is 2.3 km.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the actual area of the plot in hectares.
(b)
Using the recorded road length, verify whether the scale used on the plan is consistent with the stated scale of 1 : 5,000. Show your calculation and state the conclusion.
(c)
If the farmer intends to plant a crop that requires 0.75 kg of seed per hectare, determine the total quantity of seed needed for the whole plot.
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Question 3 View Details
A topographic map of a coastal region is drawn at a scale of 1 : 50 000. Two towns, Ikot and Umu, are marked on the map. Their positions are given in degrees, minutes and seconds as follows: - Ikot: 5° 12' 30" N, 7° 30' 00" E - Umu: 5° 18' 45" N, 7° 38' 15" E Using the map and the latitude‑longitude data, determine the straight‑line distance between Ikot and Umu. Assume the Earth is a sphere with a mean radius of 6371 km and use the approximation that 1° of latitude equals 111 km and 1° of longitude equals 111 km × cos (average latitude). Show all steps and comment on at least two possible sources of error in the determination.
Question Parts
(a)
Convert the coordinates of Ikot and Umu from degrees‑minutes‑seconds to decimal degrees.
(b)
Find the difference in latitude (Δφ) and longitude (Δλ) between the two towns in decimal degrees.
(c)
Calculate the north‑south distance (D_NS) using the latitude difference.
(d)
Calculate the east‑west distance (D_EW) using the longitude difference at the mean latitude of the two towns.
(e)
Determine the straight‑line distance (D) between Ikot and Umu by applying the Pythagorean theorem to D_NS and D_EW.
(f)
State two possible sources of error that could affect the accuracy of the distance obtained.
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Question 4 View Details
A weather station recorded the following observations at 06:00 GMT on three consecutive days: | Day | Temperature (°C) | Relative Humidity (%) | Atmospheric Pressure (hPa) | Wind Speed (km/h) | |-----|------------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|-------------------| | 1 | 28 | 70 | 1008 | 12 | | 2 | 31 | 65 | 1005 | 18 | | 3 | 29 | 80 | 1002 | 22 | Two nearby stations, A and B, are situated 150 km apart along an east‑west line. Station A recorded a pressure of 1008 hPa on Day 1, while Station B recorded 1002 hPa on the same day. Using the data above, answer the following: (a) Calculate the mean temperature and mean relative humidity for the three‑day period. (b) Determine the pressure gradient between stations A and B on Day 1 and infer the approximate direction of the wind caused by this gradient (assume geostrophic balance and that wind blows parallel to isobars with lower pressure to the left in the Southern Hemisphere). (c) Using the temperature data, compute the temperature change rate (°C per day) between each consecutive day and identify the day with the greatest increase. (d) Based on the combined information (temperature trend, humidity, pressure change, and wind speed), describe the type of weather front that most likely passed over the area during the three days and justify your answer. (e) Suggest two precautionary measures that local farmers should adopt in response to the identified weather conditions.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the mean temperature and mean relative humidity for the three‑day period.
(b)
Determine the pressure gradient between stations A and B on Day 1 and infer the approximate direction of the wind caused by this gradient (assume geostrophic balance and that wind blows parallel to isobars with lower pressure to the left in the Southern Hemisphere).
(c)
Using the temperature data, compute the temperature change rate (°C per day) between each consecutive day and identify the day with the greatest increase.
(d)
Based on the combined information (temperature trend, humidity, pressure change, and wind speed), describe the type of weather front that most likely passed over the area during the three days and justify your answer.
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