Practice waec model questions vol1 civic_education 2023 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

A student finds a wallet containing ₦5,000 on the school playground. He immediately hands the wallet over to the school office without taking any money. Which core value is the student primarily demonstrating?

A. Integrity

Correct B. Honesty

C. Generosity

D. Responsibility

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2 View Details

During the national elections, a citizen registers at the polling unit, casts his ballot and submits it. Which civic duty is being exercised by the citizen?

Correct A. Voting

B. Campaigning

C. Protesting

D. Petitioning

Correct Answer: A

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Question 3 View Details

Section 39 of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution guarantees freedom of expression, subject to reasonable restrictions in the interest of national security, public order, public health, or morals. A newspaper publishes an investigative report on alleged corruption in a government agency. The Minister of Information issues a notice demanding the newspaper to cease publication, claiming the article threatens national security. The newspaper challenges the notice in court. Based on the constitutional provision, does the newspaper have a stronger legal ground to continue publishing? Answer "Yes" or "No" and give a brief justification.

A. Perhaps

B. Uncertain

Correct C. No

D. Yes

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

A public official is offered a gift worth ₦20,000 by a contractor who hopes to secure a future contract. The official declines the gift. Which ethical principle is being upheld by the official?

A. Professionalism

Correct B. Integrity

C. Objectivity

D. Confidentiality

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

In a school zone the speed limit is 40 km/h. A driver passes the speed‑limit sign and is later caught by a speed camera 200 metres further down the road. The time recorded between passing the sign and being captured is 8 seconds. 1. Calculate the driver's speed in km/h. 2. Determine the excess speed over the limit. 3. The penalty schedule is: for each km/h up to 20 km/h over the limit, a fine of ₦5,000; for each km/h beyond that, a fine of ₦10,000. If the excess exceeds 30 km/h, the driver's licence is suspended for six months. State the total monetary penalty (in Naira) and indicate whether the licence will be suspended (Yes/No).

Correct A. ₦400,000, Yes

B. ₦450,000, Yes

C. ₦400,000, No

D. ₦350,000, Yes

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6 View Details

A person rates five personal values on a scale of 1 to 10 as follows: honesty = 9, hard work = 8, respect = 5, responsibility = 6, teamwork = 4. They assign equal weight to honesty, hard work, responsibility and teamwork, while the weight for respect may be different. If the weighted average of the five scores is 6, what fraction of the total weight is assigned to respect?

A. 2/7

Correct B. 3/7

C. 4/7

D. 3/8

Correct Answer: B

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Question 7 View Details

In a town of 12,000 eligible voters, 55% turned out for the local council election. Of those who voted, 60% voted for candidate A, who promised that each supporting household should contribute ₦200 per month to improve public sanitation. If there are 4,800 households in the town and each voter who chose candidate A corresponds to one household, what is the total monthly revenue expected from the supporters of candidate A?

A. ₦864,000

B. ₦840,000

C. ₦720,000

Correct D. ₦792,000

Correct Answer: D

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Question 8 View Details

A country's parliament has 120 seats to be distributed among three regions—North, East and West—in proportion to their populations. The populations are: North = 1.5 million, East = 2.0 million, West = 2.5 million. A constitutional amendment requires that each region receive at least 35 seats. Using the largest‑remainder method while respecting the minimum, determine the final number of seats allocated to each region.

A. North = 36 seats, East = 37 seats, West = 47 seats

Correct B. North = 35 seats, East = 38 seats, West = 47 seats

C. North = 35 seats, East = 39 seats, West = 46 seats

D. North = 35 seats, East = 37 seats, West = 48 seats

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9 View Details

A survey of 1,200 secondary‑school students found that 8% belong to cult A, 5% belong to cult B, and 2% belong to both A and B. Among members of cult A, 70% have attended at least one anti‑cult workshop; among members of cult B, 40% have attended such a workshop. If a student is selected at random from those who have attended an anti‑cult workshop, what is the probability that the student is a member of cult A but not cult B? Express your answer as a percentage rounded to two decimal places.

A. 55.12%

Correct B. 61.76%

C. 58.33%

D. 64.20%

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10 View Details

The federal government allocates ₦5,000,000,000 to three public‑service sectors—Health, Education and Infrastructure—subject to the following conditions: (i) Health receives twice as much as Education; (ii) Infrastructure receives 20 % more than the combined amount of Health and Education; (iii) No sector receives less than ₦1,000,000,000. Determine the amount allocated to each sector, rounding each to the nearest naira.

A. Education: ₦700,000,000; Health: ₦1,400,000,000; Infrastructure: ₦2,900,000,000

Correct B. Education: ₦757,575,758; Health: ₦1,515,151,515; Infrastructure: ₦2,727,272,727

C. Education: ₦750,000,000; Health: ₦1,500,000,000; Infrastructure: ₦2,750,000,000

D. Education: ₦800,000,000; Health: ₦1,600,000,000; Infrastructure: ₦2,600,000,000

Correct Answer: B

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Question 11 View Details

A community leader says, "The welfare of the community is more important than personal gain." Which core value does this statement primarily illustrate?

A. Individualism

B. Selfishness

C. Materialism

Correct D. Altruism

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details

Two secondary schools were surveyed for drug use. In School A (600 students) 15% have tried drug X, and among those, 30% have also tried drug Y. In School B (800 students) 10% have tried drug X, and among those, 50% have also tried drug Y. Which school has the higher proportion of students who have tried both drugs, and by how many percentage points does it exceed the other school?

A. School A, by 0.5 percentage points

B. School A, by 1.5 percentage points

C. School B, by 1.0 percentage points

Correct D. School B, by 0.5 percentage points

Correct Answer: D

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Question 13 View Details

A citizen can either vote in the upcoming election or attend a community clean‑up day. Identify which option represents a civic right and which represents a civic responsibility, and briefly explain why.

A. Voting is the civic responsibility; attending the clean‑up day is the civic right.

B. Attending the clean‑up day is the civic right; voting is the civic responsibility.

C. Both voting and attending the clean‑up day are civic rights.

Correct D. Voting is the civic right; attending the clean‑up day is the civic responsibility.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

A citizen writes a letter to the local council demanding better road maintenance. Which constitutional principle does this action exemplify?

A. Right to vote in elections

B. Right to free speech

Correct C. Right to petition the government

D. Right to assemble peacefully

Correct Answer: C

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Question 15 View Details

Nigeria's total national budget is ₦12 trillion. The federal government contributes 70% of this budget and the state governments contribute the remaining 30%. Under a new policy, 60% of the federal contribution is earmarked for defence, while 50% of the state contribution is earmarked for education. Calculate the amount allocated to defence and to education, and state whether these allocations correspond to the constitutional responsibilities of the federal and state governments.

A. Defence: ₦3.6 trillion; Education: ₦5.04 trillion - both allocations match the constitutional duties of the federal (defence) and state (education) governments.

B. Defence: ₦5.04 trillion; Education: ₦2.16 trillion - both allocations match the constitutional duties of the federal (defence) and state (education) governments.

C. Defence: ₦8.4 trillion; Education: ₦3.6 trillion - both allocations match the constitutional duties of the federal (defence) and state (education) governments.

Correct D. Defence: ₦5.04 trillion; Education: ₦1.8 trillion - both allocations match the constitutional duties of the federal (defence) and state (education) governments.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 16 View Details

A journalist publishes an article exposing alleged corruption by a senior public official. The official files a lawsuit claiming that the article infringes his constitutional right to privacy. Under the Nigerian Constitution, freedom of expression may be limited to protect other rights, but any limitation must be prescribed by law and be necessary in a democratic society. Considering the public interest in exposing corruption, which constitutional right is likely to be upheld in this case?

A. The official's privacy right will be upheld, and the article will be ordered to be removed.

B. Both the freedom of expression and the privacy right will be balanced, resulting in a partial injunction limiting the article's distribution.

C. The court will find that the article violates the official's privacy and will award damages to the official.

Correct D. The journalist's right to freedom of expression will be upheld, and the privacy claim will be deemed insufficient to justify restricting the article.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 17 View Details

In a town of 10,000 eligible citizens, the following civic‑participation statistics are recorded for a given year: - 60% voted in the national election; - 45% attended at least one town‑hall meeting; - 30% volunteered for community projects. Additionally, the overlaps are known: - 20% both voted and attended a town‑hall meeting; - 12% both voted and volunteered; - 8% both attended a town‑hall meeting and volunteered; - 5% performed all three activities. What percentage of the citizens performed at least one of the three civic responsibilities?

Correct A. 95%

B. 90%

C. 85%

D. 100%

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18 View Details

A civil servant can earn a monthly salary of ₦300,000. He is offered a bribe of ₦200,000 to expedite a routine permit. The probability of being caught is 0.10. If caught, the law imposes a fine of ₦500,000 and dismissal, which means loss of the monthly salary for that month. Assuming the civil servant evaluates only the expected monetary outcome for the current month, should he accept the bribe? Show the expected net gain or loss compared with remaining honest.

A. No; the expected monetary loss is ₦100,000 (₦200,000 expected with bribe versus ₦300,000 honest).

B. No; the expected monetary loss is ₦50,000 (₦250,000 expected with bribe versus ₦300,000 honest).

Correct C. Yes; the expected monetary gain is ₦100,000 (₦400,000 expected with bribe versus ₦300,000 honest).

D. Yes; the expected monetary gain is ₦200,000 (₦500,000 expected with bribe versus ₦300,000 honest).

Correct Answer: C

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Question 19 View Details

Police officers detain a peaceful protester without a warrant and hold him for 48 hours before releasing him without charge. Identify the specific principle of the rule of law that is violated and state the legal remedy that the protester should pursue.

A. The principle of freedom of speech is violated; the protester should seek an injunction against the police.

B. The principle of equality before the law is violated; the protester should file a civil suit for damages.

C. The principle of judicial independence is violated; the protester should request a judicial review.

Correct D. The principle of personal liberty/due process is violated; the protester should file a habeas corpus petition.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 20 View Details

A country has a total population of 1,200,000, of which 800,000 are eligible voters. In the most recent general election, 480,000 votes were cast.\n(a) Calculate the voter turnout percentage.\n(b) If the constitution declares an election legitimate only when turnout exceeds 50%, is the election considered legitimate?

A. a) 40% turnout; b) No, the election is not legitimate because turnout does not exceed the 50% threshold.

B. a) 48% turnout; b) No, the election is not legitimate because turnout is below the 50% threshold.

Correct C. a) 60% turnout; b) Yes, the election is legitimate because turnout exceeds the 50% threshold.

D. a) 55% turnout; b) No, the election is not legitimate because the constitution requires turnout to exceed 60%.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 21 View Details

The Federal Civil Service has 120,000 positions. A new national identity policy requires that each of the three major ethnic groups—Hausa‑Fulani, Yoruba and Igbo—must occupy at least 10 % of the total positions, while all other ethnic groups combined must occupy at least 5 %. Currently the distribution is: Hausa‑Fulani 8,000, Yoruba 9,000, Igbo 7,500, Others 5,500. How many additional positions must be created and allocated so that the policy requirements are fully met?

Correct A. 12000

B. 13500

C. 10000

D. 8000

Correct Answer: A

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Question 22 View Details

In a community three rival groups A, B and C are in conflict. The intensity of conflict between each pair is measured on a 0-10 scale. Initially the intensities are AB = 6, AC = 4 and BC = 5. A peace‑building programme reduces each intensity by a factor equal to $1-\frac{p_A+p_B}{2}$, where $p_A$ and $p_B$ are the proportions of the two groups that attend a joint workshop. Group A sends 40 % of its members, group B sends 50 % and group C sends an unknown proportion $x$ (in percent). After the reductions, peace is declared if the sum of the three pair intensities is less than 8. What is the minimum whole‑number percentage $x$ that group C must attend to achieve peace?

A. 55

B. 50

C. 49

Correct D. 51

Correct Answer: D

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Question 23 View Details

A secondary school launches two successive anti‑drug campaigns. The first campaign cuts the prevalence of drug use by 30 % of the current level. After this, a second campaign is introduced that reduces the remaining prevalence by an amount equal to 25 % of the original baseline prevalence (the baseline is the prevalence before any campaign). If initially 12 % of the students used drugs, what is the final prevalence after both campaigns?

Correct A. 5.4

B. 5.9

C. 4.8

D. 6.0

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24 View Details

According to the Nigerian Constitution, any restriction on the freedom of assembly must satisfy three tests: legality, necessity and proportionality. A new law requires a permit for any gathering of more than 20 persons, and the permit is granted only if the organiser provides a security plan and the police deem the gathering "potentially disruptive". Identify which of the three constitutional tests, if any, this law fails to meet. List the failed tests separated by commas.

A. legality

Correct B. necessity, proportionality

C. legality, proportionality

D. legality, necessity

Correct Answer: B

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Question 25 View Details

Two neighbouring states carried out independent surveys on drug abuse among youths aged 15-24. State X sampled 800 youths, of whom 96 reported using drugs. State Y sampled 600 youths, of whom 78 reported using drugs. At the 5 % significance level, test whether the prevalence of drug use in State X is higher than in State Y. Use a one‑tailed two‑proportion z‑test. State "Yes" if the data show a significantly higher prevalence in State X, otherwise state "No".

A. Yes

B. Maybe

Correct C. No

D. Unclear

Correct Answer: C

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