waec model questions vol1 2022 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A metal rod of nominal length 150.00 mm is to be measured using a vernier caliper (least‑count = 0.02 mm). The true length of the rod has been determined independently with a micrometer and recorded as 150.00 mm. The student records three successive readings with the vernier caliper as follows: 149.96 mm, 150.02 mm and 149.98 mm.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average of the three vernier‑caliper readings.
(b)
Determine the percent error of the average reading with respect to the true length of the rod.
(c)
Using the least‑count of the vernier caliper, calculate the expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of the measurement and express the final result in the form: average ± uncertainty (mm).
(d)
Identify two plausible sources of error that could affect the vernier‑caliper readings and suggest one practical way to minimise each error.
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Question 2 View Details
A force table is set up with two forces acting on a common point O. Force F₁ has a magnitude of 5.0 N and is directed at 30° measured anticlockwise from the positive x‑axis. Force F₂ has a magnitude of 8.0 N and is directed at 120° measured anticlockwise from the positive x‑axis.
Question Parts
(a)
Resolve each force into its horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components and obtain the resultant vector by component addition. State the magnitude and direction (angle from the positive x‑axis) of the resultant.
(b)
Verify the magnitude of the resultant obtained in part (a) using the law of cosines, noting that the angle between the two forces is the difference of their directions. Then verify the direction of the resultant using the law of sines.
(c)
Express the resultant vector found in part (a) as separate horizontal and vertical components (i.e., give Rₓ and Rᵧ).
(d)
If the angle between the two forces were increased to 150° while keeping their magnitudes unchanged, calculate the new magnitude of the resultant. Comment briefly on how the change in angle influences the resultant magnitude.
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Question 3 View Details
A ball is released from rest at the edge of a balcony that is 5.0 m above the ground. A motion sensor is positioned 2.0 m above the release point (i.e. 7.0 m above the ground). The ball passes the sensor on its way up at 0.45 s after release and again on its way down at 1.30 s after release. Assuming the acceleration due to gravity is constant during the motion, determine:
Question Parts
(a)
The magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity (g).
(b)
The initial speed of the ball as it leaves the balcony.
(c)
The maximum height of the ball above the ground.
(d)
The time taken for the ball to reach its maximum height after release.
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Question 4 View Details
A wooden block of mass 0.80 kg rests on a smooth wooden inclined plane. The plane makes an angle of 20° with the horizontal. The block is attached to a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley at the top of the plane and is connected to a hanging mass of 0.50 kg. A spring‑balance is used to measure the tension in the string. When the block is about to move up the plane, the spring‑balance reads 3.20 N. Using this information:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the coefficient of static friction (μₛ) between the block and the plane.
(b)
Determine the minimum angle of inclination (θₘᵢₙ) at which the block would start to slide down the plane without any external pull (i.e., when the component of its own weight down the plane just exceeds the maximum static friction). Express θₘᵢₙ in degrees to the nearest tenth.
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