Practice waec model questions vol1 civic_education 2022 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

The Nigerian Constitution enumerates five fundamental rights. If a citizen has already exercised the right to life, freedom of expression, and freedom of religion, how many fundamental rights remain that they have not yet exercised?

A. 3

B. 1

C. 5

Correct D. 2

Correct Answer: D

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Question 2 View Details

In a given year, 60% of eligible voters voted, 80% of citizens paid taxes, and 10% of citizens were called for jury duty. Assuming these three civic responsibilities occur independently, what percentage of citizens fulfilled all three responsibilities?

A. 5.0

B. 6.0

Correct C. 4.8

D. 4.0

Correct Answer: C

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Question 3 View Details

State one way in which the value of honesty contributes to the development of a community.

A. Honesty creates suspicion among community members, hindering cooperation and increasing conflicts.

B. Honesty promotes individualism, causing residents to act independently and avoid teamwork.

C. Honesty leads to complacency, making people less likely to address community problems.

Correct D. Honesty builds trust among community members, encouraging cooperation and reducing conflicts.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 4 View Details

A person is currently 17 years old. What is the minimum number of years they must wait before they become eligible to vote in Nigeria?

Correct A. 1 year

B. 3 years

C. 5 years

D. 2 years

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5 View Details

A public secondary school receives a grant of N100,000. It must allocate 40% of the grant to teachers' salaries and a certain percentage to infrastructure. The remaining amount is intended for learning materials, which cost N30,000. After allocating salaries and the original 35% for infrastructure, the school finds the remaining amount is N5,000 short of the required N30,000. Assuming the salary allocation remains at 40%, what should be the revised percentage allocated to infrastructure so that the remaining amount exactly covers the learning materials cost?

Correct A. 30%

B. 25%

C. 35%

D. 45%

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6 View Details

The national flag of Nigeria is a rectangle 2.4 m long and 1.5 m high, divided into three vertical stripes of equal width: green, white, green. A coat‑of‑arms emblem is placed in the centre of the white stripe and is a square whose side equals half the height of the white stripe. What is the width of the equal margin that remains between the emblem and each vertical edge of the white stripe? Express your answer in metres to three decimal places.

A. 0.050

B. 0.075

Correct C. 0.025

D. 0.015

Correct Answer: C

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Question 7 View Details

Nigeria's population is 200 million. First‑language speakers are 60 % English, 20 % Hausa, 15 % Yoruba and 5 % Igbo. A state radio station has 24 hours of programming to allocate proportionally to these groups, but each language must receive at least 2 hours. After allocating proportionally, the hours are rounded to the nearest whole hour. If the minimum‑hour rule forces a re‑allocation, what is the final number of whole hours assigned to English?

A. 12

B. 15

C. 13

Correct D. 14

Correct Answer: D

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Question 8 View Details

The federal public‑service budget is ₦500 billion, allocated as follows: Health 30 % (₦150 bn), Education 25 % (₦125 bn), Infrastructure 20 % (₦100 bn) and Security the remainder. A reform mandates that Security's share be increased to 30 % of the total budget, and the increase must be funded by equal reductions from Health and Education. What is the new allocation to Health (in billions of naira) after the adjustment?

A. 135

Correct B. 137.5

C. 125

D. 140

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9 View Details

Under the Criminal Code, cultism is punishable as follows: first offence - fine ₦500 000 or 2 years imprisonment; second offence - fine ₦1 000 000 or 5 years; third offence - fine ₦2 000 000 or 10 years. A person convicted of a second offence for cult ism and, in the same trial, of a violent assault (fine ₦1 500 000 or 7 years) is sentenced as follows: fines are additive; imprisonment terms are concurrent, taking the higher term; if the total fine exceeds ₦2 500 000, an additional 6 months imprisonment is added; a one‑year reduction is granted for a first‑time offence of the crime that determines the higher term. What is the total imprisonment term (in years) imposed on the offender?

A. 6.5

Correct B. 6

C. 7

D. 5

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10 View Details

A state legislature has 12 seats to be filled by single‑member districts using a proportional‑allocation rule: each party receives seats equal to the integer part of (its vote share × 12); any remaining seats are given one each to the parties with the largest fractional remainders, in descending order. Party A obtained 55 % of the votes and Party B 45 %. How many seats does Party A obtain?

A. 8

Correct B. 7

C. 5

D. 6

Correct Answer: B

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Question 11 View Details

A citizen has 168 hours in a week. They allocate 8 hours for work, 56 hours for sleep, 14 hours for household chores, and 10 hours for personal leisure. In addition, they must attend a monthly town‑hall meeting lasting 3 hours and a weekly volunteer activity lasting 4 hours. Each community meeting they wish to attend lasts 2 hours. Assuming the monthly meeting is evenly distributed over the weeks, what is the maximum number of 2‑hour community meetings the citizen can attend in a typical week?

A. 36

B. 35

C. 38

Correct D. 37

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details

An amendment to the Constitution requires a two‑thirds majority in both the Senate (109 members) and the House of Representatives (360 members). In a vote, 70 senators and 250 representatives vote in favour, 30 senators and 100 representatives vote against, and the remaining members abstain. Does the amendment pass?

A. Yes, the amendment does not pass

B. No, the amendment passes

Correct C. No, the amendment does not pass

D. Yes, the amendment passes

Correct Answer: C

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Question 13 View Details

In a nation, Zone A has 500,000 registered voters with a turnout of 68%, Zone B has 300,000 registered voters with a turnout of 74%, and Zone C has 200,000 registered voters with an unknown turnout. The national turnout is reported as 70%. What is the turnout percentage in Zone C?

A. 73%

B. 65%

C. 71%

Correct D. 69%

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

Under the Anti‑Cultism Act, the first conviction carries a 5‑year imprisonment, and each subsequent conviction adds 2 years to the total sentence. A person has been convicted three times over eight years. The Act also provides a one‑time amnesty that reduces the total imprisonment by 30 % if the offender completes a six‑month community‑service programme before the final sentencing. What is the total imprisonment after applying the amnesty, and does it exceed the maximum penalty of 15 years for a single offence?

A. 6.3 years; exceeds the 15‑year maximum

B. 5.9 years; does not exceed the 15‑year maximum

C. 8.2 years; does not exceed the 15‑year maximum

Correct D. 6.3 years; does not exceed the 15‑year maximum

Correct Answer: D

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Question 15 View Details

A civic‑education programme is expected to raise voter registration by 12 % in urban areas and 8 % in rural areas. Currently, urban registered voters number 2.4 million and rural voters number 1.6 million. After the programme, an audit shows that the total increase in registered voters is exactly 10 % of the combined previous total. Assuming the urban increase exactly meets the 12 % target, did the rural increase meet its 8 % target? State the actual rural increase percentage.

A. 7%; the rural target was met

B. 6%; the rural target was not met

C. 8%; the rural target was met

Correct D. 7%; the rural target was not met

Correct Answer: D

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Question 16 View Details

In 2015 a town had a population of 5,000 residents. The prevalence of drug abuse that year was 4 % of the population. A two‑year anti‑drug programme reduced the number of drug users by 30 % and, during the same period, the town's population grew at a compound rate of 2 % per year. What was the prevalence of drug abuse (as a percentage of the total population) in 2017? Give your answer to two decimal places.

Correct A. 2.69%

B. 3.12%

C. 3.00%

D. 2.45%

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17 View Details

In Country X the lower house is elected by first‑past‑the‑post (FPTP) in single‑member constituencies, while the upper house is elected by proportional representation (PR) using the D'Hondt method. If a political party obtains 40 % of the total votes nationwide, explain why its share of seats in the lower house can be less than 40 % whereas its share of seats in the upper house will be close to 40 %.

Correct A. Because FPTP can convert a 40 % vote share into fewer than 40 % of seats due to winner‑takes‑all constituencies, while PR allocates seats proportionally, giving the party a seat share close to its 40 % vote share.

B. Because the lower house uses single‑member districts, the party's 40 % vote share guarantees at least 40 % of the seats, whereas the D'Hondt method in the upper house favours larger parties, giving it less than 40 % of seats.

C. Because FPTP awards seats only to parties that win a majority in each constituency, a 40 % national vote automatically translates to a proportional seat share in the lower house, but the PR system rounds down fractions, reducing its upper‑house seats.

D. Because the party's 40 % vote share is diluted by the D'Hondt divisor, it will receive fewer seats in the upper house, while the lower house's winner‑takes‑all system can over‑represent it.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18 View Details

Three ethnic groups A, B and C are in conflict over a natural resource. Their respective desired shares are 50 %, 30 % and 20 % of the resource. A mediator proposes to allocate the resource so that each group's satisfaction is the ratio of the allocated share to its desired share, and the overall satisfaction is the product of the three individual satisfactions. Under the constraint that the total allocated share must be 100 %, determine the allocation (in percentages) that maximises the overall satisfaction.

A. Approximately 30 % to each group

B. Approximately 33.33 % to group A, 33.33 % to group B, and 33.34 % to group C

Correct C. Approximately 33.33 % to each group

D. Approximately 35 % to each group

Correct Answer: C

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Question 19 View Details

In a recent election 60 % of the 1.2 million registered voters turned out. Of those who voted, 55 % chose Party X, 30 % chose Party Y and 15 % chose Party Z. Calculate the number of votes received by each party and state which party obtained the highest number of votes.

Correct A. Party X - 396 000 votes; Party Y - 216 000 votes; Party Z - 108 000 votes; Party X received the highest number of votes

B. Party X - 288 000 votes; Party Y - 324 000 votes; Party Z - 108 000 votes; Party Y received the highest number of votes

C. Party X - 330 000 votes; Party Y - 180 000 votes; Party Z - 90 000 votes; Party X received the highest number of votes

D. Party X - 440 000 votes; Party Y - 240 000 votes; Party Z - 120 000 votes; Party X received the highest number of votes

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20 View Details

A driver travels a total distance of 120 km from point A to point B. The speed limit on the whole route is 80 km/h. He drives the first 80 km at a constant speed that is 20 % above the limit and the remaining 40 km at a constant speed that is 10 % below the limit. The traffic authority's penalty system works as follows: for each kilometre per hour above the limit, 0.5 penalty points are assigned for the whole segment travelled at that speed; no points are given for speeds below the limit; and if the driver's average speed for the whole trip exceeds the limit, an additional surcharge of 5 points is added. How many penalty points does the driver receive in total?

A. 11 points

Correct B. 13 points

C. 12 points

D. 15 points

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21 View Details

A new statute is enacted that criminalises the possession of a particular type of pesticide, but the statute also states that the offence applies to anyone who possessed the pesticide at any time in the past, even before the law was passed. Does this provision violate the principle of the rule of law, and if so, which specific principle is breached?

A. Yes, it violates the rule of law by breaching the principle of legal certainty.

B. No, it does not violate the rule of law because statutes can apply retroactively in criminal matters.

C. Yes, it violates the rule of law by breaching the principle of proportionality.

Correct D. Yes, it violates the rule of law by breaching the principle of non‑retroactivity.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

In a rural community, a dispute has arisen over the allocation of a newly discovered mineral deposit. The three stakeholders are: (i) the federal government, which prefers to resolve the matter through formal mediation; (ii) the traditional council of elders, which advocates for customary arbitration based on long‑standing tribal customs; and (iii) a multinational mining corporation, which insists on litigation in the national courts. Considering the need for sustainable peace, cultural legitimacy, and power balance, which dispute‑resolution method is most appropriate and why?

A. A joint committee of all three parties to negotiate a settlement, because it combines expertise and shared decision‑making.

Correct B. Customary arbitration conducted by the traditional council of elders, because it provides cultural legitimacy, balances power and promotes sustainable peace.

C. Litigation in the national courts by the multinational mining corporation, because it guarantees enforceable judgments and respects national law.

D. Formal mediation by the federal government, because it ensures impartiality and legal oversight.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 23 View Details

The anti‑corruption agency has a budget of ₦7 million to spend on three interventions: (A) public awareness campaigns, (B) strengthening internal audit units, and (C) increasing civil‑servants' salaries. The marginal reduction in petty corruption for each million naira spent is as follows: - Awareness: 2 % per million for the first 3 million, then 1 % for each additional million. - Internal audit: 3 % per million for the first 2 million, then 1.5 % for each additional million. - Salaries: 1 % per million for the first 4 million, then 0.5 % for each additional million. Allocate the ₦7 million among the three interventions to achieve the maximum possible total reduction in petty corruption, and state the resulting percentage reduction.

A. Allocate ₦4 million to internal audit, ₦2 million to public awareness, and ₦1 million to salaries; total reduction = 13 %

Correct B. Allocate ₦4 million to internal audit and ₦3 million to public awareness (₦0 million to salaries); total reduction = 15 %.

C. Allocate ₦3 million to internal audit, ₦4 million to public awareness (₦0 million to salaries); total reduction = 14 %

D. Allocate ₦5 million to internal audit and ₦2 million to public awareness (₦0 million to salaries); total reduction = 16 %

Correct Answer: B

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Question 24 View Details

Identify one personal value that, when practiced by citizens, directly strengthens social cohesion in a community.

A. Ambition

B. Individualism

C. Self‑reliance

Correct D. Respect for others

Correct Answer: D

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Question 25 View Details

According to the Nigerian Constitution, what is the minimum age at which a citizen may vote in a federal election?

A. 25 years

B. 21 years

Correct C. 18 years

D. 16 years

Correct Answer: C

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