waec model questions vol1 2021 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A student is required to determine the density of an irregular solid using a balance and the water‑displacement method. The solid is first dried and its mass is measured as 150.0 g on a calibrated balance. The solid is then gently placed in a graduated cylinder containing water. The water level rises from 120.0 mL to 165.0 mL. The student records all observations and is asked to analyse the data.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the density of the solid in g cm⁻³.
(b)
The standard density of aluminium is 2.70 g cm⁻³. Determine the percentage error in the experimentally obtained density.
(c)
List two possible sources of error that could have affected the density determination.
(d)
Suggest one precaution that would minimise the error identified in part (c).
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Question 2 View Details
In a laboratory experiment a force sensor is used to apply two forces on a small cart that moves on a frictionless horizontal track. Force F₁ of magnitude 12 N is applied at an angle of 30° above the positive x‑axis (to the right). Force F₂ of magnitude 9 N is applied at an angle of 120° measured counter‑clockwise from the positive x‑axis. The cart is then allowed to move a distance of 0.50 m in the direction of the resultant force. The student must determine the resultant force, its direction and the work done on the cart.
Question Parts
(a)
Resolve each force into its horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components.
(b)
Obtain the resultant force components, its magnitude and the angle it makes with the positive x‑axis.
(c)
Calculate the work done on the cart by the resultant force during the 0.50 m displacement.
(d)
Identify one systematic error that could affect the accuracy of the resultant force measurement and suggest a way to reduce it.
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Question 3 View Details
A simple pendulum is used to determine the acceleration due to gravity. The length of the pendulum is measured as 0.500 m (±0.001 m). Using a stopwatch, the time for 20 complete oscillations is recorded as 40.2 s (±0.2 s).
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the period of one oscillation and its percentage uncertainty.
(b)
Determine g and its percentage uncertainty using the pendulum formula \(T = 2π√(L/g)\).
(c)
State two possible sources of error in this experiment and suggest one method to minimise each.
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Question 4 View Details
A circuit is set up to verify Ohm’s law. A variable resistor (R) is connected in series with a 2.0 Ω resistor and a 12.0 V DC supply. The voltage across the variable resistor and the current through the circuit are measured for five different settings of R as shown in the table below. | R (Ω) | V_R (V) | I (A) | |-------|---------|-------| | 2.0 | 4.8 | 0.40 | | 4.0 | 6.4 | 0.40 | | 6.0 | 7.6 | 0.40 | | 8.0 | 8.8 | 0.40 | |10.0 |10.0 | 0.40 | All readings are recorded to the nearest 0.1 V and 0.01 A.
Question Parts
(a)
Using the data, plot V_R against I and state the relationship between V_R and I.
(b)
Determine the resistance of the variable resistor from the slope of the graph and compare it with the average of the given R values.
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