waec model questions vol1 2021 government | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Government is the central institution that organizes and directs the affairs of a nation. Answer the following questions based on this premise.
Question Parts
(a)
Define ‘government’ and distinguish it from the ‘state’ by giving two clear differences.
(b)
List the three main functions of government as recognised in the Nigerian Constitution and give a brief explanation of each.
(c)
Using relevant examples, discuss how the principle of separation of powers contributes to good governance in Nigeria.
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Question 2 View Details
Active political participation is essential for a vibrant democracy in Nigeria. Respond to the following prompts.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify four forms of political participation commonly observed in Nigeria and indicate which are direct and which are indirect.
(b)
Discuss two major obstacles that limit effective political participation among Nigerian youth.
() Explain the first obstacle and its impact on democratic processes.
() Explain the second obstacle and its impact on democratic processes.
(c)
Propose two realistic measures that could enhance youth participation in politics and justify how each measure addresses the obstacles identified in part (b).
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Question 3 View Details
The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is the supreme law that defines the structure, powers and limits of government and guarantees fundamental rights of the people.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the doctrine of separation of powers as provided in the Nigerian Constitution and discuss its significance for democratic governance.
(b)
Outline the procedure for amendment of the Constitution and evaluate one advantage and one disadvantage of this procedure.
(c)
Discuss how the Bill of Rights in the Constitution protects the rights of citizens, giving two specific examples.
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Question 4 View Details
Democracy is the system of government where power ultimately resides with the people and is exercised through elected representatives and participatory institutions.
Question Parts
(a)
Distinguish between direct democracy and representative democracy, citing examples from Nigeria.
(b)
Identify and explain three essential features of a democratic system as enshrined in the Nigerian Constitution.
(c)
Critically assess one major challenge facing the practice of democracy in Nigeria today and suggest a feasible solution.
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Question 5 View Details
A recent public debate in Nigeria highlighted the statement: “In a democratic society, the rule of law ensures that no individual or government authority is above the law.”
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the principle of the rule of law and list its essential features.
(b)
Discuss two ways in which the rule of law contributes to good governance in Nigeria.
(c)
Evaluate the challenges to the full implementation of the rule of law in Nigeria, giving two specific examples.
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Question 6 View Details
A constitutional amendment bill before the National Assembly proposes that the President may appoint Supreme Court judges without the need for Senate confirmation.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the doctrine of separation of powers and identify the primary function of each of the three branches of government.
(b)
Analyse how the proposed amendment could affect the balance among the three branches of government in Nigeria.
(c)
Recommend two constitutional safeguards that could preserve the separation of powers while still allowing efficient judicial appointments.
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Question 7 View Details
The National Assembly, as the legislative arm of the Nigerian federation, plays a pivotal role in law‑making and in holding the executive accountable. Answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Describe, in detail, each stage of the law‑making process in the National Assembly from the introduction of a Bill to its enactment.
(b)
Evaluate how the oversight functions of the National Assembly enhance accountability of the Executive. In your answer, discuss at least three specific oversight mechanisms and analyse their effectiveness.
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Question 8 View Details
The Executive arm, headed by the President, is central to the functioning of Nigeria’s federal system. Answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Analyse the constitutional powers vested in the President of Nigeria, covering legislative, executive, and diplomatic functions.
(b)
Critically examine the constitutional and institutional checks on the Executive by the Legislature, Judiciary and the Federal Character Commission. Discuss the extent to which these checks succeed in preventing abuse of power.
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