Practice waec model questions vol1 civic_education 2021 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

A citizen was born on 15 March 2005. The national election is scheduled for 23 February 2024. Is the citizen eligible to vote?

A. Yes, the citizen is 17 years old and therefore eligible to vote.

Correct B. No, the citizen is 17 years old and therefore not eligible to vote.

C. No, the citizen is 18 years old and therefore not eligible to vote.

D. No, the citizen is 16 years old and therefore not eligible to vote.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2 View Details

A state legislature passes a law that imposes a fine on anyone who wears clothing bearing a political slogan. The Constitution guarantees freedom of expression. Which legal principle determines that the new law is invalid?

A. The principle of separation of powers (each branch of government has distinct functions) renders the law invalid.

B. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty (the legislature's decisions are supreme) renders the law invalid.

C. The principle of federalism (division of powers between national and state governments) renders the law invalid.

Correct D. The principle of constitutional supremacy (the Constitution is the supreme law) renders the law invalid.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 3 View Details

A 16‑year‑old Nigerian wishes to register as a voter. According to the Constitution, what is the minimum age for voter registration, and what consequence follows if a person provides false information on the registration form?

A. Minimum age is 16 years; providing false information can lead to a warning and removal of the registration.

B. Minimum age is 25 years; providing false information can lead to a fine but does not affect registration status.

Correct C. Minimum age is 18 years; providing false information can lead to disqualification from the register and prosecution.

D. Minimum age is 21 years; providing false information can lead to imprisonment without the possibility of registration.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

During an arrest, a suspect is not told the reason for the arrest. Which constitutional right is being violated?

A. The right to legal representation (right to counsel).

B. The right to a speedy trial (right to speedy trial).

C. The right to remain silent (right to silence).

Correct D. The right to be informed of the nature of the offence (right to be informed).

Correct Answer: D

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Question 5 View Details

In a community of 12,000 youths, a survey shows that 8 % use cannabis, 5 % use heroin, and 3 % use both drugs. The government aims to reduce the total number of drug‑using youths by 40 % over the next five years, assuming the reduction is uniform across each drug type and no new users appear. How many youths must stop using any drug to meet the target, and how many youths must be reduced each year if the decrease is linear?

Correct A. 480 youths in total; 96 youths must be reduced each year.

B. 500 youths in total; 100 youths must be reduced each year.

C. 560 youths in total; 112 youths must be reduced each year.

D. 400 youths in total; 80 youths must be reduced each year.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6 View Details

Two drivers, A and B, are approaching a pedestrian crossing from opposite directions. Driver A is travelling at 50 km/h and, because of a large parked truck, can see the crossing only when he is 35 metres away. Driver B is travelling at 30 km/h and can see the crossing when he is 30 metres away. Both drivers have a reaction time of 1.5 seconds and the coefficient of friction between their tyres and the road is 0.6 (g = 9.8 m/s²). Assuming they apply the brakes immediately after reacting, which driver will be able to stop before reaching the crossing?

Correct A. Driver B

B. Both drivers

C. Driver A

D. Neither driver

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7 View Details

A state legislature enacts the following ordinance concerning public assemblies: (i) No public meeting may be held without a written permit issued by the local authority. (ii) The permit may be refused if the police anticipate any disturbance, even if no specific evidence is presented. (iii) The authority must decide on the permit application within 48 hours of receipt. Which of the three provisions is most likely to be inconsistent with the right to freedom of assembly guaranteed by the Nigerian Constitution?

A. Provision (iii)

B. All three provisions

Correct C. Provision (ii)

D. Provision (i)

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8 View Details

In a 12‑month period a driver accumulates demerit points for traffic offences as follows: - Month 0: Speeding (3 points) - Month 2: Running a red light (4 points) - Month 5: Using a mobile phone while driving (2 points) - Month 9: Speeding again (3 points) A licence is suspended when a driver reaches 12 or more points within any rolling 12‑month window. At what month, if any, will the driver's licence be suspended?

A. Month 10 (licence suspended after the fourth offence)

Correct B. Month 9 (licence suspended after the fourth offence)

C. Month 8 (licence suspended after the fourth offence)

D. Month 9 (licence suspended after the third offence)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9 View Details

The Federal public‑service budget for 2021 is ₦2.5 trillion. Salaries account for 45 % of the total budget. A reform reduces the salary allocation by 8 % of its original share, and the amount saved is transferred to the infrastructure sector, which originally received 20 % of the total budget. What is the new percentage of the total budget allocated to infrastructure after the reallocation?

A. 24.2

B. 22.4

C. 21.0

Correct D. 23.6

Correct Answer: D

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Question 10 View Details

In a state there are 1,200,000 citizens of voting age. 85 % of them are registered voters. Among the registered voters, males constitute 48 % and females the remaining 52 %. 60 % of the registered males and 55 % of the registered females turned out to vote in the last election. What was the overall voter turnout as a percentage of the total voting‑age population?

Correct A. 48.8

B. 45.6

C. 52.3

D. 50.1

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11 View Details

According to the Nigerian Constitution, an amendment must be approved by at least two‑thirds of the total members of each chamber of the National Assembly. The Senate has 109 members and the House of Representatives has 360 members. In a particular session, 78 senators voted in favour, 20 voted against and the rest were absent. In the House, 240 members voted in favour, 80 voted against and the rest were absent. Based on these figures, does the amendment pass?

A. Rejected

B. Failed

C. Not adopted

Correct D. Adopted

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details

What term describes the moral principle that encourages individuals to act in the interest of the community?

A. Public duty

B. Community service

C. Collective welfare

Correct D. Social responsibility

Correct Answer: D

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Question 13 View Details

Nigeria's total population is 210 million. The three geopolitical zones have the following populations: North = 100 million, South = 80 million, West = 30 million. The National Assembly has 469 seats, allocated proportionally to each zone's population (rounded to the nearest whole seat). The constitution requires that each zone must have at least 5 % of the total seats. Does each zone satisfy this representation requirement?

Correct A. Yes, each zone meets the requirement

B. No, the South zone does not meet the requirement

C. No, the North zone does not meet the requirement

D. No, the West zone does not meet the requirement

Correct Answer: A

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Question 14 View Details

A rapid screening test for drug abuse among secondary‑school students has a sensitivity of 85 % and a specificity of 90 %. In this population the prevalence of drug abuse is 10 %. If a student tests positive, what is the probability that the student actually abuses drugs? Express your answer as a decimal rounded to three places.

Correct A. 0.486

B. 0.539

C. 0.372

D. 0.415

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15 View Details

What term describes the willingness to accept responsibility for one's actions?

A. Liability

B. Answerability

C. Responsibility

Correct D. Accountability

Correct Answer: D

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Question 16 View Details

In a town of 20,000 eligible voters, 55 % voted in the recent election, 45 % paid their taxes on time, and 25 % served on a jury in the past year. Of these, 20 % both voted and paid taxes, 12 % both voted and served on a jury, 10 % both paid taxes and served on a jury, and 5 % performed all three responsibilities. How many citizens performed none of these three responsibilities?

A. 1400

B. 3400

Correct C. 2400

D. 4400

Correct Answer: C

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Question 17 View Details

A public official receives a gross bribe amount G (in Naira). First, a middleman takes 30 % of G. The remaining amount is then subject to a 10 % tax. After these deductions, the official keeps the net amount. There is a 5 % chance that the official is caught, in which case he must pay a penalty equal to twice the net amount he kept; if not caught, he retains the net amount. Assuming the official wants his expected net income to be at least ₦200 000, what is the minimum whole‑number gross bribe G he must receive?

A. 352734

B. 353000

C. 340000

Correct D. 352735

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details

According to the civic education syllabus, which core value is emphasized as essential for the development of a democratic society?

A. Respect

B. Integrity

C. Responsibility

Correct D. Honesty

Correct Answer: D

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Question 19 View Details

A local government passes an ordinance that requires any public meeting of more than 20 persons to obtain a permit from the authority, and the authority may refuse the permit if it considers the meeting 'potentially disruptive'. Using the three‑part test for limitation of the right to freedom of assembly under the Nigerian Constitution, determine whether this ordinance is consistent with the Constitution.

A. No, it is inconsistent because the ordinance fails the proportionality test.

B. Yes, it is consistent because the ordinance is a permissible restriction under the public order exception.

Correct C. No, it is inconsistent because the restriction is not reasonable and necessary.

D. Yes, it is consistent because the authority's discretion to refuse permits is unlimited.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

What is the minimum age at which a Nigerian citizen may register to vote in federal elections?

A. 21

B. 16

C. 25

Correct D. 18

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

The Constitution provides that a constitutional amendment must be approved by at least two‑thirds of the total members of the National Assembly (both houses combined). The National Assembly has 200 members in total. In the first reading of the amendment, 30 members are absent, and in the second reading, 20 different members are absent (no member is absent in both readings). What is the smallest number of members who must vote ‘yes' in both readings for the amendment to be adopted?

A. 130

Correct B. 134

C. 135

D. 140

Correct Answer: B

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Question 22 View Details

A civil servant started his career with a basic monthly salary of ₦500,000. Every four years his salary is increased by 12 % compounded. After completing 20 years of service he retires. His pension is calculated as 70 % of his last drawn basic salary. What is his monthly pension, rounded to the nearest naira?

Correct A. 617240

B. 650000

C. 630000

D. 600000

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23 View Details

In a state the total population is 5,000,000. The age distribution is: 52 % aged 15-64, 20 % under 15, and 28 % aged 65 and above. Only citizens aged 18 and above are eligible to vote. Assume that 90 % of the 15-64 group are citizens and 80 % of the 65+ group are citizens. If the ages 15-17 constitute three years out of the 50‑year span 15-64, what is the minimum number of people who must actually cast their votes to achieve a 60 % voter turnout of all eligible voters?

A. 2159760

Correct B. 1991760

C. 2306400

D. 2076000

Correct Answer: B

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Question 24 View Details

In a local council election, four parties contest for 12 seats. The total valid votes cast are 120,000. The parties received the following votes: Party A - 48,000; Party B - 30,000; Party C - 24,000; Party D - 18,000. A party must obtain at least 10 % of the total votes to qualify for seat allocation. Using the D'Hondt highest‑averages method, how many seats does each qualifying party obtain?

Correct A. A=5, B=3, C=2, D=2

B. A=4, B=4, C=2, D=2

C. A=5, B=2, C=3, D=2

D. A=5, B=3, C=3, D=1

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25 View Details

A law requires every citizen to obtain a permit before posting any political advertisement on social media. The permit is granted only after a security clearance that may take up to six months. A journalist posted a political commentary without a permit and was fined. Identify the fundamental human right that is infringed by this law and state the constitutional remedy available to the journalist.

A. Freedom of expression; appeal to the Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari

B. Freedom of assembly; judicial review in the High Court seeking a declaration of unconstitutionality and an injunction

Correct C. Freedom of expression; judicial review in the High Court seeking a declaration of unconstitutionality and an injunction

D. Right to privacy; judicial review in the High Court seeking a declaration of unconstitutionality and an injunction

Correct Answer: C

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