Practice waec model questions vol1 civic_education 2020 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

In a public secondary school, a student named Ada wears a T‑shirt bearing the slogan "End Corruption Now". The principal orders her to remove the T‑shirt and threatens expulsion if she refuses, citing the school policy that uniforms must be plain and that political messages may cause unrest. Ada refuses, invoking her right to express political views. Under the 1999 Nigerian Constitution, which fundamental human right is most directly infringed, and does the school's restriction satisfy the test of reasonableness under Section 36(1)? Answer in the form "Right - Reasonableness (Yes/No)".

A. Freedom of assembly - No

B. Freedom of expression - Yes

C. Right to education - No

Correct D. Freedom of expression - No

Correct Answer: D

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Question 2 View Details

On a Saturday, Chinedu drives on a highway with a speed limit of 80 km/h. He is recorded traveling at 110 km/h (30 km/h over). Later, at a junction, he fails to stop at a red traffic light, causing a near‑miss with a motorcycle. Afterwards, he passes a pedestrian crossing without giving way, and the pedestrian files a complaint. According to the 2020 Nigerian Traffic Act, the penalties are: (i) 3 demerit points for each 10 km/h over the limit, (ii) 4 demerit points for running a red light, (iii) 2 demerit points for failing to give way to a pedestrian. A driver whose total points reach 12 within a 12‑month period has his licence suspended for 6 months. Chinedu had accumulated 5 points earlier in the year. Determine whether Chinedu's licence will be suspended after these offenses, and state the total points accumulated.

A. No - 20 points

B. Yes - 12 points

Correct C. Yes - 20 points

D. No - 15 points

Correct Answer: C

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Question 3 View Details

Nigeria's national symbols include (i) the flag with three vertical bands of green, white, green; (ii) the coat of arms featuring two white horses, a shield, and a red eagle; (iii) the national anthem "Arise, O Compatriots…". Officially the flag represents unity, the coat of arms strength, and the anthem patriotism. The flag's white vertical band also symbolizes peace. Which symbol should a student select as the best representation of "unity in diversity", and why?

A. The national anthem - it emphasizes patriotism and national pride, representing unity among diverse peoples.

B. The coat of arms - it features two white horses and a red eagle, symbolizing strength and unity among diverse peoples.

C. The national flag - its green bands represent agriculture, and the white band denotes peace, but it primarily signifies environmental stewardship rather than unity.

Correct D. The national flag - it combines the green bands (land) with the white band (peace) to symbolize unity among diverse peoples.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 4 View Details

The National Assembly passes a law that requires all newspapers to obtain a licence from the Minister of Information before publishing any political article, and imposes a fine of ₦500,000 for any unlicensed publication. A newspaper challenges the law, arguing it violates the Constitution. Identify the specific constitutional provision that protects the press, and state whether the law is ultra vires (beyond the power) of the legislature. Answer in the form "Provision - Ultra vires (Yes/No)".

A. Section 38(2) - No

B. Section 39(2) - No

Correct C. Section 39(1) - Yes

D. Section 40(1) - Yes

Correct Answer: C

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Question 5 View Details

A study compares two community‑based drug‑abuse prevention programmes over a year. Programme A costs ₦20,000 per participant, enrolls 200 youths and records 30 relapses. Programme B costs ₦50,000 per participant, enrolls 150 youths and records 15 relapses. The government has a budget of ₦8,000,000 for the next year. Determine which programme yields a lower relapse rate per ₦1,000,000 spent, and state the selected programme.

Correct A. Programme B - 2 relapses per million naira

B. Programme B - 3 relapses per million naira

C. Programme A - 7.5 relapses per million naira

D. Programme A - 2 relapses per million naira

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6 View Details

A driver committed three traffic offences within a 30‑day period. The fines are: speeding - ₦15,000; illegal parking - ₦10,000; running a red light - ₦20,000. The law states that each subsequent offence fine is increased by 20 % of the previous offence's fine. If an offence occurs on a public holiday, a surcharge of 5 % is added to that offence's base fine before any other adjustments. The driver paid the total amount within 7 days of the last offence, qualifying for a 10 % discount on the total payable. The offences occurred on 1 Mar (speeding, non‑holiday), 20 Mar (illegal parking, non‑holiday) and 25 Mar (red‑light, which was a public holiday). What is the total amount the driver must pay?

Correct A. ₦46,440

B. ₦46,980

C. ₦51,600

D. ₦45,540

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7 View Details

In a town of 10,000 eligible voters, 60 % voted in the last election, 35 % participated in a community health campaign and 25 % volunteered at a local school. The overlaps are: 12 % voted and participated in the health campaign, 8 % voted and volunteered at the school, 5 % participated in the health campaign and volunteered at the school, and 3 % did all three activities. How many eligible voters did none of these three activities?

A. 500

B. 800

C. 600

Correct D. 200

Correct Answer: D

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Question 8 View Details

A citizen earns a monthly income of ₦200,000 and donates ₦10,000 to a community school. According to the civic principle that generosity is shown by donating at least 5 % of one's income, does this action demonstrate generosity? Answer "yes" or "no".

A. uncertain

B. maybe

Correct C. yes

D. no

Correct Answer: C

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Question 9 View Details

A municipality has an annual budget of ₦2,500,000,000. An audit finds that 3 % of the budget is lost to petty corruption, 1.5 % to grand corruption, and after these losses, an additional 0.5 % of the remaining amount is siphoned through fraudulent contracts. Calculate the total amount lost to corruption and express it as a percentage of the original budget (rounded to two decimal places).

A. ₦125,000,000 (approximately 5.00% of the original budget)

Correct B. ₦124,437,500 (approximately 4.98% of the original budget)

C. ₦124,500,000 (approximately 4.98% of the original budget)

D. ₦87,125,000 (approximately 3.49% of the original budget)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10 View Details

A person is 18 years old and has been a resident of Nigeria for the past 5 years. Is the person eligible to vote in the next general election? Answer "yes" or "no".

Correct A. yes

B. cannot

C. no

D. nope

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11 View Details

In a state, the total population is 1,200,000. Of this, 55% are aged 18 years or older. Among those adults, 70% are registered voters. However, 8% of the registered voters are disqualified from voting because they have been convicted of a felony and have not had their civil rights restored. How many eligible voters are there in the state?

A. 409,200

Correct B. 425,040

C. 366,000

D. 462,000

Correct Answer: B

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Question 12 View Details

The total projected cost of a community health centre is ₦2,500,000. The local government will fund 60% of the cost, and the remaining amount must be raised by the community. In addition, the community is expected to provide volunteers for the centre's management committee. (a) How much money must the community raise? (b) Identify two specific responsibilities that citizens must fulfil to ensure the successful completion and operation of the health centre.

A. Community must raise ₦1,000,000; responsibilities: (i) raise the required funds, (ii) provide medical supplies.

B. Community must raise ₦1,000,000; responsibilities: (i) organize fundraising events, (ii) volunteer for the management committee.

C. Community must raise ₦1,500,000; responsibilities: (i) raise the required funds, (ii) volunteer for the management committee.

Correct D. Community must raise ₦1,000,000; responsibilities: (i) raise the required funds, (ii) volunteer for the management committee.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 13 View Details

Two legal cases are reported in the news:\n\nCase A: A wealthy businessman is arrested for tax evasion, but the police release him without trial because of his influence.\nCase B: A shopkeeper is charged with selling counterfeit goods; the court follows the statutory procedure, gives him a fair hearing, and imposes the penalty prescribed by law.\n\nWhich case best demonstrates the principle of the rule of law?

A. Neither case

B. Case A

C. Both cases

Correct D. Case B

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

The federal government has 20 constitutional responsibilities, the state governments have 12, and local governments have 8. The country's population is 30 million, of which 5 million live in the federal capital territory, 12 million reside in the states, and the remaining 13 million live in local government areas. Assuming each responsibility is equally demanding, which level of government bears the highest average number of responsibilities per million inhabitants? Show your calculation.

A. State governments

Correct B. Federal government

C. All levels equally

D. Local governments

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15 View Details

A journalist was detained for 15 days without trial after publishing a report on alleged government corruption. The constitution guarantees (i) freedom of expression and (ii) the right to a fair trial. Identify which right has been violated, cite the specific article that protects this right, and state the legal remedy available to the journalist under the constitution.

Correct A. Freedom of expression; Article 19; remedy: petition for a writ of habeas corpus.

B. Right to a fair trial; Article 21; remedy: filing a complaint with the Human Rights Commission.

C. Right to privacy; Article 18; remedy: seeking an injunction against the government.

D. Freedom of expression; Article 17; remedy: filing a civil lawsuit for damages.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16 View Details

In a community, youths (aged 15‑24) constitute 40% of the population and adults (aged 25‑44) 60%. Among youths, 12% use cannabis, 8% use heroin and 5% use both drugs. Among adults, 6% use cannabis, 4% use heroin and 2% use both. A drug‑abuse prevention campaign reduces cannabis use among youths by 25% and heroin use by 10% (relative reductions). It also reduces cannabis use among adults by 15% and heroin use by 5%. The proportion of people who use both drugs falls by 20% for youths and by 12% for adults. What is the overall percentage reduction in the number of drug users (any drug) in the whole community after the campaign?

Correct A. 15.15

B. 12.12

C. 13.33

D. 16.67

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17 View Details

Group A lists grievances 1, 2, 3 and 4; Group B lists grievances 2, 3 and 5. A peace agreement fully resolves grievances 2 and 3 for both groups. It also partially resolves grievance 4 for Group A by 60% and grievance 5 for Group B by 40%. What percentage of the total grievances of both groups have been resolved (fully or partially) after the agreement?

Correct A. 71.43

B. 75.00

C. 80.00

D. 66.67

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18 View Details

A government office processes two types of permits. Type X applications make up 60% of all applications and originally require 4 days for verification, 2 days for approval and 1 day for issuance. Type Y applications make up 40% and originally require 6 days for verification, 4 days for approval and 3 days for issuance. After reforms, verification time for both types is reduced by 10%, issuance time for both types is reduced by 15%, and approval time for Type X is reduced by 20% (approval time for Type Y is unchanged). What is the new overall average processing time (in days) for permits after the reforms?

Correct A. 8.41

B. 7.95

C. 9.12

D. 8.05

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

A country has three regions. North has a population of 2 million with a voter‑registration rate of 70%; East has 1.5 million people with an 80% registration rate; South has 1 million people with a 60% registration rate. In the last election, turnout among registered voters was 55% in the North, 65% in the East and 50% in the South. After a voter‑education programme, the registration rate in each region rises by 5 percentage points, and the newly registered voters turn out at a rate of 40% (while the original registered voters keep their previous turnout rates). What is the overall voter turnout as a percentage of the total population after the programme?

A. 40.25

B. 45.60

Correct C. 43.11

D. 41.80

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

A student finds a wallet on the school grounds, opens it to locate the owner's identification, and returns it to the owner without taking any money. Which core value is the student demonstrating?

Correct A. Honesty

B. Respect

C. Responsibility

D. Compassion

Correct Answer: A

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Question 21 View Details

A community allocates its annual budget as follows: 40% to education, 25% to health, and the remaining portion to infrastructure. What percentage of the budget is allocated to infrastructure?

A. 40

B. 45

C. 30

Correct D. 35

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

In Country X, 70% of citizens identify with the dominant ethnic group, 55% identify with the minority ethnic group, and 40% identify with both groups because of mixed heritage. If the total population is 10 million, how many citizens identify with neither group?

A. 2500000

B. 5500000

C. 1000000

Correct D. 1500000

Correct Answer: D

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Question 23 View Details

A state has 2,500,000 citizens aged 18 and above. Of these, 12% are disqualified from voting because of criminal convictions, 8% are disqualified because of mental incapacity, and 3% belong to both categories. How many citizens remain eligible to vote?

Correct A. 2075000

B. 2000000

C. 1925000

D. 2200000

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24 View Details

In a recent election, 1,200,000 votes were cast, representing a 75% turnout of registered voters. After the election, 5% of the votes were declared invalid and discarded. How many valid votes were counted, and what percentage do they represent of the total number of registered voters?

A. 1,140,000 valid votes; 95%

B. 1,200,000 valid votes; 75%

C. 1,120,000 valid votes; 70%

Correct D. 1,140,000 valid votes; 71.25%

Correct Answer: D

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Question 25 View Details

In a parliamentary democracy, a bill must obtain at least 55% support in each house to become law. The lower house has 150 members, and the upper house has 60 members. In a particular session, 84 members of the lower house voted in favour, while 30 members of the upper house voted in favour. Did the bill pass?

A. Yes, the bill did not pass

B. No, the bill passed

Correct C. No, the bill did not pass

D. Yes, the bill passed

Correct Answer: C

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