waec model questions vol1 2019 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A cylindrical metal rod is to be measured for its internal diameter using a vernier caliper. The true diameter supplied by the manufacturer is 20.00 mm. The student records three successive readings as follows: 20.12 mm, 20.08 mm and 20.15 mm. Using these data, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average of the three readings.
(b)
Determine the percentage error of the average reading relative to the true value.
(c)
Identify two possible systematic errors and two random errors that could affect the measurement.
(d)
Suggest one practical method to reduce each type of error identified in part (c).
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Question 2 View Details
A force table is set up to investigate the resultant of two forces. The following data are recorded: - Force F₁: magnitude 5.0 N acting at 30° measured anticlockwise from the positive x‑axis. - Force F₂: magnitude 8.0 N acting at 120° measured anticlockwise from the positive x‑axis. - The experimental resultant obtained from the table’s spring scale is 9.6 N directed at 88° from the positive x‑axis. Using this information, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the theoretical magnitude and direction of the resultant by resolving the two forces into components and then recombining them.
(b)
Find the percentage difference between the experimental magnitude (9.6 N) and the theoretical magnitude obtained in part (a).
(c)
State the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components of the theoretical resultant.
(d)
Discuss two possible sources of error that could cause the experimental resultant to differ from the theoretical value and suggest a method to minimise each error.
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Question 3 View Details
A student is to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum. The length of the pendulum (L) and the total time for 20 complete oscillations are recorded as follows: | L (m) | Total time for 20 swings (s) | |-------|------------------------------| | 0.40 | 25.1 | | 0.55 | 29.8 | | 0.70 | 33.2 | | 0.85 | 36.5 | The student is required to analyse the data and obtain a value for g.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the period (T) of the pendulum for each length.
(b)
Using the periods obtained, calculate T² for each length and present the results in a table.
(c)
Plot T² against L (use the first and last points to determine the gradient). From the gradient, calculate g using the relation gradient = 4π² / g. Give g to one decimal place in m s⁻².
(d)
State two possible sources of error in this experiment and suggest a method to minimise each.
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Question 4 View Details
A student investigates Hooke’s law using a spring. Masses are hung from the spring and the corresponding extensions are recorded as follows: | Mass (kg) | Extension (cm) | |-----------|----------------| | 0.05 | 1.2 | | 0.10 | 2.4 | | 0.15 | 3.5 | | 0.20 | 4.7 | | 0.25 | 5.9 | The spring is assumed to obey F = kx. The student must determine the spring constant and use it to find the elastic potential energy for a 6.0 cm extension.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the force exerted by each mass (use g = 9.8 m s⁻²).
(b)
Plot the force (N) against extension (m). Using the first and last data points, determine the spring constant k (gradient of the straight line). Give k to the nearest whole N m⁻¹.
(c)
Using the obtained k, calculate the elastic potential energy stored when the spring is extended by 6.0 cm. Express the answer in joules to three significant figures.
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