Practice waec model questions vol1 government 2019 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

The council of a local government area receives three sources of revenue in a financial year: a federal allocation of ₦12,000,000, a state allocation of ₦8,000,000 and internally generated revenue (IGR) of ₦5,000,000. By policy, 20 % of the federal allocation, 15 % of the state allocation and 10 % of the IGR are earmarked for capital projects. The minimum amount that must be spent on capital projects is 30 % of the total revenue. If the initial capital allocation is below this minimum, the shortfall is covered by proportionally reducing the maintenance allocations, which are 30 % of the federal allocation, 25 % of the state allocation and 20 % of the IGR. What is the amount allocated to maintenance from the federal allocation after the required re‑allocation?

A. ₦1,600,000

B. ₦1,750,000

C. ₦1,800,000

Correct D. ₦1,745,455

Correct Answer: D

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Question 2 View Details

The President must appoint 15 ministers drawn from the five geopolitical zones of the country. At least two ministers must come from each zone and no more than four may come from any one zone. In how many different ways can the 15 ministerial positions be distributed among the five zones under these conditions?

A. 55

B. 60

Correct C. 51

D. 45

Correct Answer: C

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Question 3 View Details

Six major constitutional events occurred in Nigeria: the 1979 Constitution, a draft in 1982, a draft in 1989, a draft in 1993, a draft in 1995 and the 1999 Constitution. Let the intervals (in years) between successive events be a, b, c, d and e respectively. It is known that (i) the average interval is 4 years, (ii) the interval c (between 1989 and 1993) is twice the interval e (between 1995 and 1999), and (iii) the intervals a and d (between 1979‑1982 and 1993‑1995) are equal. Determine the number of years in the interval c (i.e., between the 1989 and 1993 drafts).

A. 4

B. 8

Correct C. 6

D. 10

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

According to the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, what is the term used to describe the power of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional?

A. Legislative veto

B. Judicial oversight

Correct C. Judicial review

D. Constitutional amendment

Correct Answer: C

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Question 5 View Details

What is the minimum age at which a Nigerian citizen is eligible to vote in federal elections?

Correct A. 18

B. 25

C. 16

D. 21

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6 View Details

In a federal constitution, Section 12 vests the power to make laws on the National Assembly, Section 15 vests the power to enforce laws on the President, and Section 18 vests the power to interpret laws on the Supreme Court. The President issues a decree establishing a new tax on imports without any act of the National Assembly. According to the principle of separation of powers, which branch's authority is being infringed, and what constitutional remedy can correct this infringement?

A. Judicial; the decree can be struck down by the President through executive order

B. Legislative; the decree can be amended by the National Assembly

C. Executive; the decree can be struck down by the Supreme Court through judicial review

Correct D. Legislative; the decree can be struck down by the Supreme Court through judicial review

Correct Answer: D

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Question 7 View Details

A parliament uses a mixed electoral system. There are 120 seats: 80 are filled by first‑past‑the‑post (FPTP) in single‑member constituencies and 40 are filled by proportional representation (PR) from party lists. Party A wins 45 constituency seats and receives 30 % of the national vote. Party B wins 35 constituency seats and receives 25 % of the vote. Party C wins no constituency seats and receives 20 % of the vote. Only parties that obtain at least 5 % of the national vote qualify for PR seats. PR seats are allocated using the largest‑remainder (Hare) method. How many total seats does Party C obtain in the parliament?

A. 14

Correct B. 11

C. 12

D. 9

Correct Answer: B

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Question 8 View Details

A parliament passes the Retroactive Criminalisation Act, which makes it an offence to possess a type of digital currency that was legally owned by citizens on 1 January 2022. The Act applies from that date forward. Identify which specific principle of the rule of law is violated by this Act, and name one constitutional safeguard that prevents such a violation.

A. The principle of judicial independence (prohibition of legislative interference) is violated; a constitutional safeguard is the guarantee that judges cannot be removed without due process

Correct B. The principle of legal certainty (prohibition of retroactive criminal law) is violated; a constitutional safeguard is the clause guaranteeing that no person shall be punished for an act not criminal at the time it was committed

C. The principle of equality before the law (prohibition of discriminatory legislation) is violated; a constitutional safeguard is the clause guaranteeing equal protection of the laws for all persons

D. The principle of separation of powers (restriction on legislative overreach) is violated; a constitutional safeguard is the provision that legislative acts must receive presidential assent

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9 View Details

The National Party's constitution requires a candidate for national chairman to obtain at least two‑thirds of the valid votes cast at the convention and at least 40 % of the total delegates elected to the party. The party has 200 elected delegates. At the convention, 150 delegates are present, but 10 of the ballots are declared invalid. What is the minimum number of votes a candidate must receive to be declared winner?

Correct A. 94

B. 80

C. 100

D. 93

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10 View Details

A pressure group's influence index (II) is calculated as II = 0.5 × (Lobbying contacts) + 0.3 × (Media mentions) + 0.2 × (Public protests). Group X records 30 lobbying contacts, 15 media mentions and 5 protests. Group Y records 20 lobbying contacts, 25 media mentions and 10 protests. Which group has the higher influence index and by how much?

A. Group Y; its influence index is 1 point higher than Group X

B. Group Y; its influence index is 2 points higher than Group X

C. Group X; its influence index is 0.5 points higher than Group Y

Correct D. Group X; its influence index is 1 point higher than Group Y

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11 View Details

In the African Union Peace and Security Council (PSC) of 15 members, a resolution requires a two‑thirds majority of the members present and voting, and there is no veto power. During a meeting, 3 members are absent, 2 members present abstain, 4 members vote against the resolution, and the remaining members vote in favour. Determine whether the resolution is adopted.

A. Yes

B. Approved

Correct C. No

D. Adopted

Correct Answer: C

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Question 12 View Details

A country uses a mixed‑member proportional (MMP) system for its 100‑seat legislature. There are 60 constituency seats filled by first‑past‑the‑post and 40 list seats allocated proportionally. Four parties obtain the following total votes nationwide: Party A - 500,000 votes; Party B - 300,000 votes; Party C - 150,000 votes; Party D - 50,000 votes. A 5 % electoral threshold applies (parties with less than 5 % of the total valid votes are excluded from the list allocation). The parties have already won the following constituency seats: Party A - 30 seats; Party B - 20 seats; Party C - 10 seats; Party D - 0 seats. Using the simple proportional formula (list seats = (party votes / total votes of parties that passed the threshold) × 40, rounded to the nearest whole number), calculate the total number of seats that Party B will hold after the list seats are allocated.

A. 34

B. 28

C. 30

Correct D. 32

Correct Answer: D

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Question 13 View Details

A parliament passes a law that imposes a mandatory death penalty for anyone convicted of theft of goods valued above ₦5 million. The constitution guarantees the right to life and the right to a fair trial. Under the principle of the rule of law, what is the most appropriate legal remedy for an individual charged under this law?

A. The law should be upheld by the judiciary

B. The law should be enforced as written by the legislature

C. The law should be amended by the executive branch

Correct D. The law should be struck down as unconstitutional by the judiciary

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

The Nigerian Constitution recommends a ratio of one judge for every 200,000 inhabitants. If the current population of Nigeria is estimated at 210 million people and there are presently 120 judges serving in the Federal High Courts, calculate the shortfall (or surplus) of judges required to meet the constitutional recommendation. State the result as the number of judges needed (positive for shortage, negative for surplus).

Correct A. 930

B. 870

C. 1050

D. 1200

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15 View Details

Nigeria has had several constitutions since independence. The following constitutions were in force during the periods shown: - 1960 - 1963: Independence Constitution - 1963 - 1966: Republican Constitution - 1966 - 1979: Military Rule (no formal constitution) - 1979 - 1993: Second Republic Constitution - 1993 - 1999: Interim Constitution (Military) - 1999 - present: Fourth Republic Constitution How many distinct constitutions were in force at any time between the years 1970 and 2020 inclusive?

A. 5

Correct B. 3

C. 4

D. 2

Correct Answer: B

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Question 16 View Details

Four criteria are used to assess the influence of pressure groups: membership size (30%), financial resources (25%), media access (20%) and expertise (25%). The following scores (out of 10) are given: - Group A: membership 8, financial 6, media 7, expertise 5 - Group B: membership 5, financial 9, media 6, expertise 8 - Group C: membership 7, financial 5, media 9, expertise 6 Calculate the weighted influence score for each group and state which group is the most influential.

Correct A. Group B

B. Group D

C. Group C

D. Group A

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17 View Details

In a country that uses the First‑Past‑the‑Post (FPTP) system, three parties (A, B and C) contest five constituencies. The vote percentages in each constituency are: | Constituency | Party A | Party B | Party C | |--------------|---------|---------|---------| | 1 | 40% | 35% | 25% | | 2 | 30% | 45% | 25% | | 3 | 48% | 32% | 20% | | 4 | 33% | 34% | 33% | | 5 | 25% | 40% | 35% | (a) Allocate the five seats to the parties under FPTP. (b) Compute each party's national vote share (average of the five constituencies). (c) Identify which party gains the greatest advantage from FPTP by comparing its seat share with its national vote share.

A. Party C

B. Party A

Correct C. Party B

D. Party D

Correct Answer: C

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Question 18 View Details

The internal democracy of political parties is judged on four criteria, each scored out of 10 and weighted as follows: candidate selection (30%), leadership election frequency (25%), financial transparency (20%) and internal dispute‑resolution mechanism (25%). The scores for three parties are: - Party X: candidate selection 2, leadership election 3, financial transparency 6, dispute resolution 4. - Party Y: candidate selection 8, leadership election 7, financial transparency 8, dispute resolution 9. - Party Z: candidate selection 3, leadership election 5, financial transparency 5, dispute resolution 5. Calculate the overall internal‑democracy score for each party and state which party scores highest.

Correct A. Party Y

B. Party X

C. Party Z

D. Party W

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

A civil case concerning a breach of contract is first heard in the State High Court. The losing party wishes to appeal. In the judicial hierarchy, the State High Court is followed by the Court of Appeal and then the Supreme Court, unless the case involves a constitutional question, in which case it may go directly to the Supreme Court. No constitutional issue is raised in this case. Identify the court that will hear the appeal and briefly explain the jurisdictional path.

A. Federal Court

B. Supreme Court

Correct C. Court of Appeal

D. State High Court

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

In a 120‑seat parliament the distribution of seats among three parties is: - Party A: 48 seats - Party B: 35 seats - Party C: 27 seats No party has an absolute majority (61 seats). Determine the combination of parties that can form a coalition with the smallest possible total number of seats while still achieving a majority, and state that total.

A. Party A and Party B; 83 seats

B. Party A and Party C; 75 seats

Correct C. Party B and Party C; 62 seats

D. Party A, Party B, and Party C; 110 seats

Correct Answer: C

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Question 21 View Details

In the United Nations Security Council, a resolution is adopted only if (i) at least nine of the fifteen members vote in favour, and (ii) none of the five permanent members cast a negative vote (a negative vote by any permanent member constitutes a veto). During a particular vote, the following results are recorded:\n\n- Permanent members: China votes 'yes', France votes 'yes', Russia abstains, United Kingdom votes 'yes', United States votes 'yes'.\n- Non‑permanent members (10 members): 6 vote 'yes', 2 vote 'no', and 2 abstain.\n\nBased on these results, does the resolution pass? Justify your answer.

Correct A. Yes, the resolution is adopted.

B. Yes, the resolution is adopted with a veto.

C. No, the resolution is not adopted.

D. No, the resolution fails due to insufficient affirmative votes.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 22 View Details

The Federal Government allocates ₦500,000,000 to five Local Government Areas (LGAs) - A, B, C, D and E - using a composite index. The index for each LGA is calculated as follows:\nComposite Index = 0.5 × (Population proportion) + 0.3 × (Land‑area proportion) + 0.2 × (Poverty‑index proportion).\n\nData (population in thousands, land area in km², poverty index out of 100):\n- LGA A: 120, 250, 40\n- LGA B: 80, 150, 60\n- LGA C: 150, 300, 30\n- LGA D: 50, 100, 80\n- LGA E: 100, 200, 50\n\nTotal population = 500 thousand, total land area = 1,000 km², total poverty index = 260.\n\nHow much allocation does LGA D receive? Give your answer in Naira, rounded to the nearest million.

Correct A. 71,000,000

B. 75,000,000

C. 68,000,000

D. 73,000,000

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23 View Details

How many fundamental rights are enumerated in Chapter III of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution?

A. 14

Correct B. 13

C. 15

D. 12

Correct Answer: B

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Question 24 View Details

A bill that would give the President unilateral power to dismiss elected local‑government officials was passed by the National Assembly. A citizen challenges the bill, claiming it violates the principle of separation of powers. Which branch of government has the authority to determine the constitutionality of the bill, and what constitutional principle is being applied in that determination? Provide both the branch and the principle.

A. Executive; checks and balances

B. Legislature; judicial review

Correct C. Judiciary; judicial review

D. Legislature; separation of powers

Correct Answer: C

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Question 25 View Details

The National Assembly has 360 members. Its rules state that a motion of no confidence is valid only if at least two‑thirds of the total members are present, and it passes if a simple majority of those present vote in favour. On a particular day, 260 members are present. How many votes in favour are required for the motion to pass? Show your reasoning.

A. 135

Correct B. 131

C. 130

D. 150

Correct Answer: B

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