waec model questions vol1 2019 government | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Consider the role of government in a modern democratic society.
Question Parts
(a)
Define ‘government’ and distinguish it from the ‘state’.
(b)
Outline the three main functions of government and give one concrete example for each function in Nigeria.
(c)
Explain why the rule of law is essential for effective governance.
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Question 2 View Details
Political participation is vital for the health of a democracy.
Question Parts
(a)
List and briefly describe five forms of political participation that are common in Nigeria.
(b)
The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) reported that 35% of the 80 million registered voters turned out for the 2023 general election. Evaluate the level of electoral participation indicated by this statistic.
(c)
Discuss two factors that discourage youth participation in politics in Nigeria and suggest one practical measure to overcome each factor.
(d)
Argue whether non‑electoral forms of participation (e.g., protests, petitions) can be as effective as voting in influencing public policy, supporting your view with relevant examples from recent Nigerian events.
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Question 3 View Details
Answer the following questions on the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the doctrine of separation of powers as embodied in the Nigerian Constitution.
(b)
Identify the specific constitutional provisions (sections or articles) that establish the three arms of government and illustrate how they reflect the separation of powers.
(c)
Discuss at least two instances where the principle of separation of powers has been upheld and two instances where it has been breached in Nigeria’s recent political history.
(d)
Conclude with your assessment of how effectively the doctrine of separation of powers is being practiced in Nigeria today, giving reasons for your judgment.
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Question 4 View Details
Answer the following questions on the concept and practice of democracy in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Define democracy and enumerate its essential features as recognised in political theory.
(b)
Explain how the principle of popular sovereignty is reflected in Nigeria’s political system.
(c)
Identify and discuss three major challenges that impede the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria today.
(d)
Suggest two concrete measures that could strengthen democratic governance in Nigeria.
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Question 5 View Details
The principle of rule of law is a cornerstone of democratic governance in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the principle of rule of law and list its essential features.
(b)
Analyse two major challenges that hinder the effective implementation of the rule of law in Nigeria.
(c)
Propose three practical measures that could strengthen adherence to the rule of law in Nigeria.
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Question 6 View Details
The Nigerian Constitution provides for a separation of powers among three arms of government.
Question Parts
(a)
Define separation of powers and briefly describe the principal functions of the legislative, executive and judicial arms.
(b)
Critically evaluate how effectively the separation of powers has prevented abuse of power in Nigeria, citing two recent incidents.
(c)
Recommend two constitutional or institutional reforms that could improve the system of checks and balances in Nigeria.
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Question 7 View Details
The National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Discuss its composition, principal functions and powers, and evaluate how effectively it performs its role of checking the Executive. In your answer, address the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the composition of the National Assembly, indicating the number of members in each chamber and the basis of their election.
(b)
Describe the legislative process from the introduction of a bill to its enactment, highlighting the role of both chambers.
(c)
Analyse the oversight functions of the National Assembly, including the use of committees and the Public Accounts Committee (PAC).
(d)
Evaluate the challenges that limit the National Assembly’s effectiveness in checking the Executive, giving at least two concrete examples.
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Question 8 View Details
The Executive arm of government in Nigeria is headed by the President and includes the Federal Executive Council (FEC). Analyse the constitutional powers and responsibilities of the President, and critically assess the mechanisms that limit presidential authority. In your answer, consider the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the constitutional powers of appointment vested in the President, and explain the checks that exist over these appointments.
(b)
Discuss the use of executive orders (or presidential decrees) and the role of legislative oversight in regulating them.
(c)
Analyse the function of the Federal Executive Council and how it contributes to collective decision‑making in the Executive.
(d)
Evaluate the impact of federalism on presidential power, citing at least two ways in which the distribution of powers between the Centre and the States curtails the President’s authority.
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