Practice waec model questions vol1 civic_education 2019 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

Community A and Community B are in dispute over water usage. The following conditions apply: (i) both communities wish to preserve a long‑term peaceful relationship, (ii) the dispute must be settled within three months, and (iii) the final decision must be legally binding. The possible mechanisms are: negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and litigation. Identify the mechanism that best satisfies all three conditions and state how many distinct procedural stages are normally involved in that mechanism (list the stages).

A. Mediation - 3 stages

Correct B. Arbitration - 4 stages

C. Arbitration - 3 stages

D. Litigation - 5 stages

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2 View Details

In a town, 70 % of citizens exercise their right to vote, 55 % participate in community service, and 40 % attend public hearings. Surveys show that 30 % vote and also do community service, 25 % vote and attend hearings, 25 % do community service and attend hearings, and 10 % engage in all three activities. Using the principle of inclusion-exclusion, calculate the percentage of citizens who do none of these three civic activities.

A. 15

Correct B. 5

C. 20

D. 10

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3 View Details

The constitution enumerates 15 fundamental human rights. A newly passed law directly infringes 4 of these rights. Additionally, through secondary provisions it indirectly affects 3 further rights, each of which is considered half as severe as a direct infringement. Compute the total weighted infringement score.

A. 6

B. 7

Correct C. 5.5

D. 4.5

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

The federal budget allocates 35 % to health, 25 % to education and 15 % to infrastructure. The remaining amount is to be divided between defence and agriculture such that the defence allocation is twice that of agriculture. Determine the percentage of the total budget allocated to defence (expressed to two decimal places).

A. 20

Correct B. 16.67

C. 15

D. 18.75

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

A civil servant is evaluated on three criteria with the following weights: integrity 40 %, efficiency 35 % and public engagement 25 %. The scores obtained are 78, 85 and 92 respectively. Calculate the overall weighted performance score (to two decimal places).

A. 84.3

B. 84.65

C. 84

Correct D. 83.95

Correct Answer: D

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Question 6 View Details

A secondary school has 800 students. Currently, 10% of the students are involved in cult activities. The school plans two successive anti‑cult programmes. Programme A will reduce the number of cult members by 25% of the current number. After Programme A, Programme B will convert 70% of the remaining cult members into non‑cult members. After both programmes, will the school achieve its target of reducing cult involvement to less than 3% of the total student population? If yes, state the final percentage of students involved in cult activities.

A. 3.00%

Correct B. 2.25%

C. 2.75%

D. 1.80%

Correct Answer: B

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Question 7 View Details

The federal government allocates N10 billion to the health sector. Due to corruption, 12% of the allocation is siphoned off at the procurement stage. Of the remaining amount, a further 8% is lost through embezzlement during distribution, and finally a 5% administrative overhead is deducted from what is left. (a) What is the effective amount that actually reaches health projects? (b) If the government wants at least N7 billion to reach the projects, what is the minimum initial allocation required, assuming the same loss percentages at each stage?

A. Effective amount: N7.5 billion; Minimum initial allocation: N9.0 billion

B. Effective amount: N7.6912 billion; Minimum initial allocation: N9.200 billion

Correct C. Effective amount: N7.6912 billion; Minimum initial allocation: N9.101 billion

D. Effective amount: N8.0 billion; Minimum initial allocation: N9.5 billion

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8 View Details

In a national election, three zones reported the following data: - Zone A: 1.2 million registered voters, turnout 68%. - Zone B: 950,000 registered voters, turnout 73%. - Zone C: 1.5 million registered voters, turnout unknown. The overall national average turnout was reported as 71%. What was the turnout percentage in Zone C (expressed to one decimal place)?

A. 70.5%

B. 73.4%

C. 68.9%

Correct D. 72.1%

Correct Answer: D

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Question 9 View Details

A community health survey of 2,200 youths (aged 15-24) found that 22% have tried illicit drugs. The local government plans two interventions to curb drug abuse. Intervention X will reduce the number of drug users by 25% of the current number. After Intervention X, Intervention Y will prevent 30% of the remaining users from continuing use (i.e., they become non‑users). After both interventions, will the prevalence fall below the target of 10%? If the target is not met, what additional percentage reduction (applied to the number remaining after Intervention Y) is required to achieve exactly 10% prevalence?

Correct A. No; an additional reduction of about 13.4% is required.

B. No; an additional reduction of about 9.2% is required.

C. Yes; the prevalence will fall below 10% after the interventions.

D. No; an additional reduction of about 15.7% is required.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10 View Details

Over the past five years, a university recorded the following numbers of cult‑related incidents each year: Year 1 - 10, Year 2 - 14, Year 3 - 20, Year 4 - 28, Year 5 - 38. Assuming the yearly increase follows a quadratic pattern (i.e., the increase itself grows linearly), determine the expected number of incidents in Year 6. If the university wishes to keep incidents at no more than 30 in Year 6, by what percentage must the projected number be reduced?

A. Projected incidents: 55; required reduction: 45%

B. Projected incidents: 45; required reduction: 33%

C. Projected incidents: 48; required reduction: 35%

Correct D. Projected incidents: 50; required reduction: 40%

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11 View Details

The federal government allocated N200 million for a road project. At the procurement stage, 3% of the funds were siphoned off. The remaining amount then increased by 12% due to cost overruns. At the construction stage, 2% of the inflated amount was lost to corruption, and at the maintenance stage, 1% of the amount after the previous loss was siphoned. What amount, in millions of naira, actually reaches the road after all these adjustments? Give your answer rounded to two decimal places.

A. 199.86

B. 212.93

Correct C. 210.81

D. 211.50

Correct Answer: C

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Question 12 View Details

A survey of 1,000 citizens asked whether they regularly perform three civic responsibilities: voting, paying taxes, and community service. The results were: 720 voted, 650 paid taxes, 400 performed community service; 500 did both voting and taxes, 300 did both voting and community service, 250 did both taxes and community service, and 150 performed all three. How many citizens performed none of the three responsibilities?

Correct A. 130

B. 140

C. 120

D. 150

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13 View Details

In a constituency of 150,000 registered voters, 85,000 votes were cast in the first round of an election. Because no candidate secured more than 50%, a runoff was held. In the runoff, 60% of the first‑round voters turned out again, and an additional 10,000 new voters (who had not voted in the first round) also voted. What was the overall voter turnout percentage across both rounds, counting each voter only once? Express your answer to two decimal places.

A. 60.00

B. 66.67

C. 68.00

Correct D. 63.33

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

A peace committee must arrange mediation meetings for five ethnic groups (A, B, C, D, E). Each meeting can involve at most three different groups, and the committee wants every possible pair of groups to have met together at least once. What is the minimum total cost required if each meeting costs N250,000?

A. 1500000

B. 750000

Correct C. 1000000

D. 1250000

Correct Answer: C

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Question 15 View Details

A citizen was born on 30 September 2007. The presidential election is scheduled for 25 February 2025. Is the citizen eligible to vote in that election?

A. Yes, if they are 18 by the election date

Correct B. No

C. Yes

D. Yes, because they will be 17

Correct Answer: B

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Question 16 View Details

A citizen sues a local government for unlawful demolition of his property. The case is first heard in the Customary Court of First Instance. The citizen wishes to appeal. Under the law, an appeal may be made to the State High Court if the monetary claim exceeds ₦2,000,000 and the matter is purely civil. An appeal may be made to the Federal High Court if the case involves a breach of a fundamental right under the Constitution, irrespective of the amount claimed. The claim in this case is ₦2,500,000 and the unlawful demolition violates the constitutional right to property. Which court will hear the appeal?

A. Supreme Court

B. Customary Court of First Instance

Correct C. Federal High Court

D. State High Court

Correct Answer: C

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Question 17 View Details

Two civil servants are being considered for promotion to Senior Officer. The promotion eligibility score is calculated as: (years of service ÷ 2) + (performance rating × 2) + (2 points for each professional development course completed). The minimum score required is 20. Candidate A has 10 years of service, a performance rating of 4.2, and has completed 2 courses. Candidate B has 12 years of service, a performance rating of 4.5, and has completed 3 courses. Which candidate meets or exceeds the required score?

A. Candidate A

B. Both candidates

C. Neither candidate

Correct D. Candidate B

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details

An official can obtain illicit income in two ways. (i) Accept a direct bribe of ₦500,000. If caught, the penalty is five times the bribe plus a fixed fine of ₦200,000. The probability of being caught is p. (ii) Request a facilitation fee equal to 10 % of a contract worth ₦2,000,000, i.e., ₦200,000. The probability of detection for this scheme is half that of the bribe scheme (p/2), and the same penalty structure applies. For what maximum value of p will the expected monetary gain from the bribe scheme be greater than that from the facilitation‑fee scheme? Express p as a percentage rounded to one decimal place.

Correct A. 14.3%

B. 12.5%

C. 15.0%

D. 10.0%

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

A driver commits three offences within a 30‑day period: speeding (₦15,000), driving without a seat‑belt (₦10,000) and using a mobile phone while driving (₦20,000). The Traffic Act states that if the total of the fines exceeds ₦30,000, a surcharge of 25 % is added to the total. A discount of 10 % on the total amount (including any surcharge) is granted if the driver pays within 7 days of the first offence. The driver settles the fines on the 6th day after the first offence. How much must the driver pay?

A. 51125

B. 45000

Correct C. 50625

D. 56250

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

A survey of 1,200 secondary‑school students recorded the following data: 120 students reported using cannabis in the past month, of whom 48 missed at least one school day because of intoxication. Among the 1,080 students who did not use cannabis, 108 missed at least one school day for any reason. (a) Calculate the relative risk (RR) of missing school days for cannabis users compared with non‑users, giving the result to two decimal places. (b) Using the overall proportion of cannabis users in the sample, compute the population attributable fraction (PAF) for missing school days due to cannabis use, expressing the answer as a percentage to one decimal place.

Correct A. RR = 4.00; PAF = 23.1%

B. RR = 2.50; PAF = 18.7%

C. RR = 5.00; PAF = 25.5%

D. RR = 3.00; PAF = 20.0%

Correct Answer: A

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Question 21 View Details

A state has a total population of 2,500,000. Forty‑eight percent are under 18 years, twelve percent are non‑citizens, and five percent are disqualified from voting because of criminal convictions. The remaining residents are eligible to vote. Of the eligible voters, 68% are registered and 75% of those registered actually cast a ballot in the last election. What percentage of the total state population voted?

A. 15.30

B. 19.20

C. 22.50

Correct D. 17.85

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

Two neighbouring secondary schools, A and B, each have 800 students. In school A, 5% of the students were identified as cult members last year. After a comprehensive anti‑cult programme, the number of cult members fell by 40%. In school B no programme was run, but a rumor caused a 10% increase in cult membership from the previous year, where initially 5% of the students were members. At the end of the year, how many more cult members are there in School B than in School A?

A. 30

Correct B. 20

C. 15

D. 25

Correct Answer: B

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Question 23 View Details

A citizen is currently 25 years old. The minimum age to vote in Nigeria is 18 years, while the minimum age to be elected President is 35 years. How many more years must the citizen wait before becoming eligible to run for President?

A. 12

Correct B. 10

C. 7

D. 5

Correct Answer: B

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Question 24 View Details

In a community, three conflict‑resolution mechanisms are available: direct negotiation (success rate 40%), mediation by a neutral third party (success rate 65%) and arbitration (success rate 80%). The mechanisms are tried sequentially: first direct negotiation, if it fails then mediation, and if that also fails then arbitration. Assuming the outcomes of each stage are independent, what is the overall probability that a randomly chosen dispute will be resolved by this sequential strategy? Express your answer as a percentage to one decimal place.

A. 94.5

B. 92.0

C. 96.3

Correct D. 95.8

Correct Answer: D

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Question 25 View Details

According to the Constitution, a person arrested may be detained for up to 48 hours before being presented before a magistrate. The magistrate may, for a reasonable cause, extend the detention by a further 72 hours, but the total period of detention must not exceed 120 hours. If a suspect is arrested at 10:00 AM on Monday and the magistrate grants the maximum extension, on which day and at what time must the suspect be released or charged at the latest?

A. Sunday 10:00 AM

Correct B. Saturday 10:00 AM

C. Saturday 4:00 PM

D. Friday 10:00 AM

Correct Answer: B

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