waec model questions vol1 2019 agricultural_science | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A group of students carried out a biodiversity survey of a 20 m × 20 m grassland using the quadrat method. Four 1 m² quadrats (Q1–Q4) were randomly placed and the number of individuals of each plant species recorded as shown in the table. | Quadrats | Species A | Species B | Species C | Species D | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| | Q1 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 0 | | Q2 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 0 | | Q3 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 0 | | Q4 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 1 | Using the data provided, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average number of species (species richness) per quadrat.
(b)
Identify the most abundant species in the whole surveyed area.
(c)
Compute Simpson’s Diversity Index (D) for the whole area using the formula \( D = \frac{\sum n_i (n_i-1)}{N(N-1)} \) where \( n_i \) is the total number of individuals of species i and \( N \) is the total number of individuals of all species. Give the reciprocal \( 1/D \) as a measure of diversity.
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Question 2 View Details
A soil sample was collected from a field intended for maize cultivation. The sample was air‑dried, passed through a 2 mm sieve and a 0.05 mm sieve, and the fractions were separated by sedimentation. The following masses were obtained: - Fresh (wet) soil sample: 250 g - Oven‑dry soil (105 °C, 24 h): 210 g - Sand fraction (retained on 0.05 mm sieve): 112 g - Silt fraction (passed 0.05 mm but retained on 0.002 mm): 78 g - Clay fraction (passed 0.002 mm): 20 g Assume no loss of material during processing. Answer the questions below:
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the percentage of sand, silt and clay on a dry‑weight basis.
(b)
Using the soil textural triangle, state the soil textural class of the sample.
(c)
Discuss two possible sources of error that could affect the accuracy of the texture determination.
(d)
Recommend one soil management practice suitable for the identified texture to improve water retention for maize, and give a brief justification.
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Question 3 View Details
A farmer intends to prepare a rectangular plot measuring 100 m in length and 50 m in width for planting. The required depth of soil turning is 0.15 m. He uses a hand hoe that moves 0.02 m³ of soil per stroke and can maintain 150 strokes per minute. He works continuously for 45 minutes.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the total volume of soil turned by the hoe during the 45‑minute period.
(b)
Determine the shortfall (or excess) of soil volume when compared with the volume required for the plot.
(c)
The hoe is modified so that each stroke moves 25 % more soil.
() Calculate the new volume of soil turned in the same 45‑minute period.
() If the farmer continues to use the modified hoe, calculate the time required to turn the full 750 m³ required for the plot.
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Question 4 View Details
A small tractor with a rated engine power of 25 kW is used to pull a single‑bottom plough. The tractor moves at a constant speed of 5 km h⁻¹. The plough has a working width of 1.2 m and the draft required is 1 500 N per metre of width. The specific fuel consumption of the tractor engine is 0.25 L kW⁻¹ h⁻¹ and diesel costs ₦150 per litre. The tractor is to be operated for 4 hours in the field.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the total draft force that the tractor must overcome to pull the plough.
(b)
Determine the power required to overcome this draft at the given speed and state whether the tractor engine power is adequate.
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