waec model questions vol1 2018 government | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
A government is the system through which a society organizes authority, makes decisions and implements policies. In the context of Nigeria, (a) define government, (b) describe the three essential functions of government, and (c) discuss how these functions are inter‑related, giving one contemporary example for each function.
Question Parts
(a)
Define government.
(b)
Describe the three essential functions of government.
(c)
Discuss how these functions are inter‑related and give a contemporary example for each function.
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Question 2 View Details
The 2019 Nigerian general election recorded the following figures for the 18‑35 age group: they made up 30% of the 2.1 million registered voters and 48% (1.01 million) turned out to vote. Political parties had 150 recognised youth wings with a combined membership of 250 000, while civil‑society organisations (CSOs) conducted 45 youth civic forums that reached a total of 120 000 participants. Using this information, (a) compare the mechanisms used by political parties and CSOs to engage youths; (b) evaluate the effectiveness of these mechanisms by analysing the given data; and (c) propose two policy measures that could further enhance youth political participation, justifying each proposal.
Question Parts
(a)
Compare the mechanisms used by political parties and CSOs to engage youths.
(b)
Evaluate the effectiveness of these mechanisms by analysing the given data.
(c)
Propose two policy measures that could further enhance youth political participation, justifying each proposal.
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Question 3 View Details
The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is the supreme law of the land.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the doctrine of supremacy of the Constitution.
(b)
Analyse how the supremacy of the Constitution influences the relationship between the federal and state governments. In your answer, give two specific examples of powers that illustrate this influence.
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Question 4 View Details
Democracy is a system of governance based on the participation of the people.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the essential features of a democratic government.
(b)
Using recent Nigerian elections as a case study, assess the extent to which Nigeria has achieved these democratic features, highlighting two major challenges that limit full democratic practice.
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Question 5 View Details
Answer the following questions on the Rule of Law in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the concept of the Rule of Law and its essential elements as recognised in the Nigerian Constitution.
(b)
Analyse two major challenges that undermine the effective implementation of the Rule of Law in Nigeria today.
(c)
Propose three practical measures that could strengthen the Rule of Law in Nigeria and justify how each measure would address the challenges identified in part (b).
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Question 6 View Details
Answer the following questions on the Separation of Powers in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the doctrine of Separation of Powers and describe the three branches of government as established by the 1999 Nigerian Constitution.
(b)
Discuss how the Separation of Powers acts as a check against abuse of authority, giving two concrete examples from recent Nigerian political events.
(c)
Evaluate the effectiveness of the Separation of Powers in contemporary Nigeria and recommend two reforms that could enhance its functioning.
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Question 7 View Details
The National Assembly is the supreme legislative body of the Federation. It performs law‑making, oversight and representation functions within the constitutional framework.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the constitutional process by which a bill becomes law in the National Assembly, highlighting the role of the two chambers.
(b)
Discuss two major oversight functions of the National Assembly and evaluate how effectively they check the executive.
(c)
Identify and explain the constitutional provision that allows the National Assembly to remove a minister from office.
(d)
Compare the legislative powers of the National Assembly with those of a State House of Assembly, focusing on one similarity and one difference.
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Question 8 View Details
The Executive arm of government, headed by the President, is responsible for implementing laws and managing the affairs of the Federation.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the constitutional powers of the President in the appointment and removal of federal ministers.
(b)
Explain how the principle of collective responsibility operates within the Federal Executive Council.
(c)
Assess two mechanisms through which the National Assembly holds the Executive accountable, and discuss any limitations of these mechanisms.
(d)
Compare the Nigerian presidential system with the British parliamentary system in terms of the separation of powers and executive accountability.
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