Practice waec model questions vol1 civic_education 2018 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

The national flag has a length‑to‑width ratio of 2:1. It consists of three vertical stripes of equal width: green, white, green. In the central white stripe a red star is placed such that the side of the square that encloses the star is half the width of a stripe. What fraction of the total flag area is occupied by the red star?

A. 1/60

B. 1/96

C. 1/48

Correct D. 1/72

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 2 View Details

A student who is a public officer commits a second offence of cult membership. The Criminal Code prescribes for a second offence a fine of ₦500,000 and imprisonment of 5 years. If the offender is a public officer, the fine is doubled and the imprisonment term is increased by 50 %. Moreover, if the fine is paid in full within 30 days, the imprisonment term is reduced by one‑third. What is the final fine and imprisonment term after all provisions are applied?

A. Fine: ₦1,000,000; Imprisonment: 7.5 years

B. Fine: ₦1,000,000; Imprisonment: 3.33 years

C. Fine: ₦500,000; Imprisonment: 5 years

Correct D. Fine: ₦1,000,000; Imprisonment: 5 years

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 3 View Details

A survey of 20 000 secondary‑school students reports that 15 % have tried cannabis, 20 % have tried alcohol, and 9 % have tried both cannabis and alcohol. Among the students who have tried cannabis, 60 % have also tried alcohol. Verify that the data are consistent and calculate the percentage of students who have tried alcohol but not cannabis.

A. 12%

B. 14%

C. 9%

Correct D. 11%

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 4 View Details

According to the 1999 Nigerian Constitution, a person may vote in elections only if they are at least 18 years old and are registered voters. If a 17‑year‑old registers as a voter, is he/she eligible to vote?

Correct A. No, the 17‑year‑old is not eligible to vote.

B. No, the 17‑year‑old can vote if they register.

C. Yes, the 17‑year‑old is eligible to vote.

D. Yes, registration makes the 17‑year‑old eligible regardless of age.

Correct Answer: A

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 5 View Details

In a state with five single‑member constituencies, the vote totals are: Constituency 1 - A 5 000, B 4 500, C 500; Constituency 2 - A 3 000, B 3 200, C 800; Constituency 3 - A 4 200, B 4 200, C 600; Constituency 4 - A 2 500, B 2 700, C 800; Constituency 5 - A 3 800, B 3 600, C 600. Under first‑past‑the‑post, the candidate with the highest votes wins; in a tie each tied party has a 50 % chance of winning the seat. What is the expected number of seats won by Party A?

A. 1.5

Correct B. 2.5

C. 2.0

D. 3.0

Correct Answer: B

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 6 View Details

A 16‑year‑old Nigerian citizen, Ada, regularly attends community clean‑up programmes but does not yet file income tax returns. Considering the constitutional responsibilities of citizens, identify which responsibility Ada is currently exempt from and state the legal reason for this exemption.

A. Ada is exempt from the responsibility of paying taxes, because the Nigerian tax code provides a full exemption for students under the age of 18.

B. Ada is exempt from the responsibility of voting, because the right to vote is granted only to persons who have attained the age of 18.

C. Ada is exempt from the responsibility of filing tax returns, because only individuals who earn an annual income above the taxable threshold are required to file.

Correct D. Ada is exempt from the responsibility of paying taxes, because tax liability under Nigerian law applies only to persons who have attained the age of 18.

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 7 View Details

During a peaceful protest, journalist Bayo published an article exposing alleged corruption in a local government office. The authorities detained him without trial, citing national security. Which fundamental human right under the Nigerian Constitution is being violated, and what legal remedy is available to Bayo?

A. Right to a fair trial; Bayo can file a complaint with the National Human Rights Commission.

B. Freedom of movement; Bayo may request a declaration of unconstitutionality from the Court of Appeal.

Correct C. Freedom of expression; Bayo can file a petition in the High Court for violation of his fundamental right.

D. Right to peaceful assembly; Bayo can seek a writ of habeas corpus from the Federal High Court.

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 8 View Details

A traditional ruler in a rural community imposed a fine of ₦50,000 on a trader for alleged breach of market regulations, without any written law authorising such a penalty. Which principle of the rule of law is breached, and what procedural step should have been followed before imposing the fine?

A. The principle of equality is breached; the fine should only be imposed after the community council votes on the penalty.

B. The principle of proportionality is breached; the fine should only be imposed after the trader signs a consent form.

C. The principle of certainty is breached; the fine should only be imposed after the trader receives a written notice from the traditional ruler.

Correct D. The principle of legality is breached; the fine should only be imposed after the relevant law is enacted by the legislature and the trader is given a fair hearing.

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 9 View Details

In a calendar year, driver Chinedu already has 5 demerit points on his licence. During the year he commits three offences: (i) speeding, attracting 3 points; (ii) running a red light, attracting 2 points; (iii) illegal parking, attracting 4 points. Under the Nigerian Traffic Regulations, a licence is suspended when a driver accumulates more than 12 points in a year, and each point carries a fine of ₦2,000. Determine (a) the total number of points Chinedu will have after these offences, (b) whether his licence will be suspended, and (c) the total monetary fine he must pay.

A. (a) 13 points; (b) licence will not be suspended; (c) ₦26,000 total fine.

B. (a) 12 points; (b) licence will not be suspended; (c) ₦24,000 total fine.

Correct C. (a) 14 points; (b) licence will be suspended; (c) ₦28,000 total fine.

D. (a) 15 points; (b) licence will be suspended; (c) ₦30,000 total fine.

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 10 View Details

What term is used for a person who acquires Nigerian citizenship automatically by being born within the territory of Nigeria?

A. Citizen by naturalization

Correct B. Citizen by birth

C. Citizen by registration

D. Citizen by descent

Correct Answer: B

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 11 View Details

In a survey of secondary school students, 30% reported using cannabis, 20% reported using inhalants, and 10% reported using both cannabis and inhalants. Among all cannabis users, 40% also used alcohol, and among all inhalant users, 25% also used alcohol. No student used all three substances simultaneously. If 35% of the students used alcohol (including any combination), what percentage of students used only alcohol (i.e., did not use cannabis nor inhalants)?

A. 15

B. 22

Correct C. 18

D. 27

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 12 View Details

A community can implement exactly two peace initiatives chosen from A, B and C, in a specific order. The base success probabilities are: A - 0.60, B - 0.50, C - 0.40. If an initiative is implemented after another, its success probability is reduced by 0.10 for A, 0.05 for B, but C's probability increases by 0.15 when it follows either A or B (no increase if it is first). Assuming the success of each initiative is independent, which ordering of the two initiatives gives the greatest probability that at least one of them succeeds, and what is that maximum probability (expressed as a percentage)?

A. C then A, 75%

B. B then C, 80%

Correct C. A then C, 82%

D. A then C, 78%

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 13 View Details

A survey of 500 citizens asked whether they performed each of three civic responsibilities: voting in elections (V), paying taxes (T), and participating in community service (C). The results were: 280 voted, 260 paid taxes, 180 participated in community service; 130 did both voting and paying taxes, 90 did both voting and community service, 100 did both paying taxes and community service; and 60 performed all three responsibilities. How many citizens performed exactly one of the three responsibilities?

Correct A. 260

B. 200

C. 300

D. 240

Correct Answer: A

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 14 View Details

A country's Bill of Rights lists 12 civil and political rights and 8 economic, social and cultural rights (total 20 rights). Of the civil and political rights, 5 are fully implemented, 4 are partially implemented and the remaining are not implemented. Of the economic, social and cultural rights, 2 are fully implemented, 3 are partially implemented and the remaining are not implemented. A right is considered "effectively protected" when fully implemented and "inadequately protected" when partially implemented. What percentage of the total rights are effectively protected, and what percentage are inadequately protected?

A. 35% effective, 30% inadequate

B. 40% effective, 30% inadequate

Correct C. 35% effective, 35% inadequate

D. 30% effective, 40% inadequate

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 15 View Details

In a nation there are three electoral zones: North (population 2 million) with a voter turnout of 68 %, South (population 3 million) with a turnout of 74 %, and East (population 5 million) with a turnout of 62 %. The national target turnout is 70 %. Does the overall national turnout meet the target, and if not, by how many percentage points does it fall short?

A. 5.6

B. 3.8

Correct C. 3.2

D. 2.4

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 16 View Details

The 1999 Nigerian Constitution lists several duties of citizens. Which of the following duties is NOT expressly mentioned in the Constitution? A. Paying taxes to the government. B. Voting in elections. C. Serving in the armed forces when called upon. D. Participating in community development projects.

A. Voting in elections

B. Paying taxes to the government

C. Serving in the armed forces when called upon

Correct D. Participating in community development projects

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 17 View Details

What is the minimum parliamentary support required to amend the 1999 Nigerian Constitution, and what subsequent action must be taken before the amendment becomes law?

Correct A. A two‑thirds majority in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, and then the President's assent

B. A three‑quarters majority in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, and then a national referendum

C. A simple majority in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, and then the President's assent

D. A two‑thirds majority in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, and then a national referendum

Correct Answer: A

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 18 View Details

A new law prohibits any criticism of public officials on social media, imposing a fine of ₦50,000 for each violation. Using the Constitution's provision on freedom of expression, assess whether this law is constitutional and explain the reasoning.

A. Constitutional, because the fine is a reasonable measure to ensure respect for public officials as allowed by Section 39(3) of the Constitution

B. Constitutional, because the law is a permissible limitation on speech to protect public order under Section 39(3) of the Constitution

Correct C. Unconstitutional, because the blanket ban is not a reasonable restriction under Section 39(3) of the Constitution

D. Unconstitutional, because it violates the right to privacy rather than freedom of expression under Section 39(2) of the Constitution

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 19 View Details

Define the civic value of "integrity" as it is understood in Nigerian civic education.

A. Respect for authority and obedience to leaders; a willingness to comply with directives even when they conflict with personal morals

B. Loyalty to the community and adherence to traditional customs; a commitment to follow societal expectations without question

C. Efficiency and productivity in public service; a focus on achieving results regardless of ethical considerations

Correct D. Honesty and consistency between one's values and actions; a refusal to engage in deceit or corruption

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 20 View Details

What is the minimum age at which a Nigerian citizen becomes eligible to vote in a federal election?

A. 16 years

Correct B. 18 years

C. 21 years

D. 25 years

Correct Answer: B

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 21 View Details

In a government department of 800 employees, 70 % have completed the mandatory ethics training. Among those who completed the training, 10 % reported having been involved in a conflict of interest in the past year. Among those who did not complete the training, 25 % reported a conflict of interest. What overall percentage of the department's employees reported a conflict of interest?

A. 15.0

B. 13.5

Correct C. 14.5

D. 12.0

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 22 View Details

An anti‑corruption agency offers whistle‑blowers a reward equal to 10 % of the assets recovered in each successful case, subject to a maximum of ₦5 million per case and a total annual reward budget of ₦6 million. In a year five cases were convicted with assets recovered of ₦40 million, ₦22 million, ₦18 million, ₦12 million and ₦8 million respectively. The agency decides to allocate the rewards proportionally to the recovered assets while respecting the per‑case maximum and the total budget. How much reward does the whistle‑blower receive for the case with ₦40 million recovered assets? (Give answer in millions of naira to one decimal place.)

A. 3.0

B. 2.8

C. 2.0

Correct D. 2.4

Correct Answer: D

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 23 View Details

A state has 1 200 000 registered voters. In the last election 55 % turned out to vote. Among those who voted, 60 % chose Party A, 30 % chose Party B and the remainder chose other parties. A voter‑education campaign later increased turnout by 8 % of the total registered voters and raised Party A's share among voters by 5 percentage points (from 60 % to 65 %). Assuming the relative distribution of the non‑A votes (i.e., between Party B and others) remains the same as before, how many votes did Party B receive after the campaign?

A. 191250

B. 210000

Correct C. 198450

D. 198000

Correct Answer: C

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 24 View Details

A public procurement project is valued at ₦150 million. A corrupt official may inflate the contract by a factor x (final cost = x × 150 million). The probability of detection is p = 0.1x, capped at 0.9. If detected, the official must return the inflated amount and pay a fine equal to 1.5 times the inflated amount, so the net loss equals 2.5 times the illicit gain. The official's expected utility is the illicit gain multiplied by (1 - 3.5p). The official will only consider inflation levels for which the detection probability is below 0.2. What inflation factor x maximises the expected utility? (Give x to two decimal places.)

Correct A. 1.93

B. 1.75

C. 1.85

D. 1.60

Correct Answer: A

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

Question 25 View Details

In a country the population is distributed as follows: 0‑14 years 30 %, 15‑24 years 20 %, 25‑64 years 45 %, and 65 + years 5 %. Voting age is currently 18. A constitutional amendment lowers the voting age to 16. It is known that within the 15‑24 age group, half are aged 16‑17 and would become eligible to vote. Assuming the proportion of eligible voters in each age bracket remains unchanged, what is the percentage increase in the total electorate after the amendment? (Give answer to one decimal place.)

A. 20.0

Correct B. 16.7

C. 13.3

D. 10.0

Correct Answer: B

Want to see the full step-by-step solution? Unlock AI Explanation & Analytics

waec model questions vol1 2018 civic_education | Objective

Master the Exam!

Help others prepare! Share this practice hub: