Practice waec model questions vol1 government 2017 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

The Senate has 109 members. A bill requires a simple majority of votes to pass. Assuming all senators are present and vote, what is the smallest number of senators that must vote ‘yes' for the bill to be approved?

A. 54

Correct B. 55

C. 60

D. 56

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2 View Details

In a proportional‑representation election 200,000 votes were cast for three parties. Ten seats are to be allocated using the Hare quota (largest remainder method). Party X received 48% of the votes, Party Y 32% and Party Z 20%. How many seats does each party obtain?

A. Party X: 4 seats, Party Y: 4 seats, Party Z: 2 seats

Correct B. Party X: 5 seats, Party Y: 3 seats, Party Z: 2 seats

C. Party X: 6 seats, Party Y: 2 seats, Party Z: 2 seats

D. Party X: 5 seats, Party Y: 2 seats, Party Z: 3 seats

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3 View Details

A bill passed both houses of the National Assembly is vetoed by the President. To override the veto, each house must achieve a two‑thirds majority. The House of Representatives has 360 members and the Senate 109 members. Currently, 210 representatives and 70 senators support the override. How many additional members in each house must change their vote to meet the two‑thirds requirement?

A. 40 additional representatives and 2 additional senators

B. 20 additional representatives and 5 additional senators

C. 30 additional representatives and 2 additional senators

Correct D. 30 additional representatives and 3 additional senators

Correct Answer: D

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Question 4 View Details

To be eligible for parliamentary seats a political party must satisfy two conditions: (i) obtain at least 5 % of the total votes in at least two‑thirds of the states, and (ii) secure at least 0.5 % of the total votes nationwide. Nigeria has 36 states. In a recent election the party received 5 % or more of the votes in 20 states and a total of 150,000 votes out of 30,000,000 votes cast nationwide. Does the party meet the eligibility criteria?

A. Yes, the party meets the eligibility criteria because it satisfies both conditions

Correct B. No, the party does not meet the eligibility criteria because it fails condition (i)

C. Yes, the party meets the eligibility criteria because it satisfies condition (i) even though condition (ii) is not met

D. No, the party does not meet the eligibility criteria because it fails condition (ii)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

The National Assembly has 360 seats. Four parties won seats as follows: Party A - 140 seats, Party B - 95 seats, Party C - 80 seats, Party D - 45 seats. A government needs a simple majority (more than half) to be formed. What is the minimum number of parties that must join together to command a majority, and give one possible combination of parties that achieves this?

A. 3 parties; for example Party B, Party C, and Party D

Correct B. 2 parties; for example Party A and Party B

C. 2 parties; for example Party B and Party C

D. 1 party; for example Party A

Correct Answer: B

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Question 6 View Details

In a national election, women constitute 30 % of the registered voters. The turnout among women is 55 % while the turnout among men is 45 %. What is the overall voter turnout expressed as a percentage of all registered voters?

A. 50%

Correct B. 48%

C. 45%

D. 52%

Correct Answer: B

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Question 7 View Details

The Electoral Act stipulates that a convicted person must receive a written notice of the right to appeal within 7 days of sentencing. In a recent case, the notice was served 10 days after sentencing. The defendant argues that his right to a fair trial has been violated. Based on the principle of the rule of law, what is the most likely judicial outcome regarding the appeal?

A. The court will dismiss the appeal as untimely, leaving the conviction in force.

B. The court will uphold the conviction but order a new hearing to address the procedural error.

C. The court will reduce the sentence but not overturn the conviction, citing the delay as non‑fatal.

Correct D. The court will set aside the conviction and allow the appeal because the statutory time‑limit was breached, violating the rule of law.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 8 View Details

In a proportional‑representation election using the D'Hondt method, three parties obtain the following votes: Party A - 340 000 votes, Party B - 210 000 votes, Party C - 150 000 votes. There are 7 seats to allocate. How many seats does each party receive?

Correct A. Party A - 4 seats; Party B - 2 seats; Party C - 1 seat

B. Party A - 5 seats; Party B - 1 seat; Party C - 1 seat

C. Party A - 3 seats; Party B - 3 seats; Party C - 1 seat

D. Party A - 4 seats; Party B - 1 seat; Party C - 2 seats

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9 View Details

Pressure group X has 12 000 members, each paying a subscription of ₦500 per year, and receives an annual government grant of ₦2 000 000. Pressure group Y has 8 000 members, each paying ₦800 per year, and receives an annual grant of ₦1 500 000. Which group has the larger total annual resources?

A. Neither group has any resources

B. Both groups have the same total resources

Correct C. Group X

D. Group Y

Correct Answer: C

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Question 10 View Details

The Senate consists of 109 seats. Initially Party B holds 40 seats, Party A holds 55 seats and the remaining 14 seats are held by independents. After a by‑election, an independent seat is won by Party B. What percentage of the total Senate seats does Party B now hold? Express your answer to one decimal place.

A. 40.0%

Correct B. 37.6%

C. 36.7%

D. 38.5%

Correct Answer: B

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Question 11 View Details

A law enacted by the National Assembly imposes a restriction on freedom of assembly that conflicts with Section 40 of the Constitution, which guarantees this right. What is the legal status of the law?

A. The law is enforceable until a court declares it unconstitutional.

Correct B. The law is void to the extent of the inconsistency because the Constitution is supreme.

C. The law remains valid but must be interpreted in a manner consistent with the Constitution.

D. The law is suspended pending a constitutional amendment.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 12 View Details

A state ministry has a total budget of ₦120 million for 2025 to be allocated to three programmes: A, B and C. The allocation must satisfy the following conditions: (i) Programme A receives at least 30 % of the total budget; (ii) Programme B receives exactly ₦10 million less than Programme A; (iii) Programme C receives half of the amount allocated to Programme A. How many millions of naira are allocated to Programme C?

Correct A. 26

B. 28

C. 24

D. 30

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13 View Details

A local government area (LGA) has a population of 240,000. State law requires that each council ward contain between 15,000 and 25,000 inhabitants, and that the total number of councilors be exactly twice the number of wards. Additionally, the total number of councilors must be the smallest possible number that satisfies all requirements. How many wards and councilors does the LGA have?

A. 12 wards, 24 councilors

B. 9 wards, 18 councilors

C. 11 wards, 22 councilors

Correct D. 10 wards, 20 councilors

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

The President issues an executive order fixing the price of petroleum products at ₦150 per litre. The National Assembly subsequently passes a law setting the price ceiling at ₦130 per litre. According to the principle of separation of powers and the constitutional supremacy clause, which instrument prevails and why?

A. The judiciary decides which instrument prevails, and until a court rules, both the executive order and the legislative law remain in force.

B. The President's executive order prevails because the executive has inherent authority to set prices for strategic commodities and executive orders supersede conflicting legislative acts.

Correct C. The National Assembly law prevails because legislative power over price regulation is exclusive to the legislature and the Constitution gives legislative enactments supremacy over inconsistent executive orders.

D. Both the executive order and the National Assembly law are equally binding, so the lower price automatically overrides the higher price without legal conflict.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 15 View Details

A citizen files a suit against a local government council alleging illegal demolition of his house and claims damages of ₦5 million for violation of his constitutional right to property. Which court has original jurisdiction over this matter in the Nigerian judicial system?

A. Magistrate Court

Correct B. State High Court

C. Federal High Court

D. Court of Appeal

Correct Answer: B

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Question 16 View Details

The African Union (AU) has 55 member states. A resolution at an AU summit requires (i) at least half of the total AU members to be present, and (ii) a two‑thirds majority of the members present and voting in favour. Additionally, at least one‑third of the total votes cast (excluding abstentions) must be from West African states. In a particular summit, 40 member states are present. Of those present, 5 abstain, 30 vote in favour and the remaining vote against. Among the votes in favour, 8 are from West African states; among the votes against, 2 are from West African states. Determine whether the resolution is adopted.

A. Yes, the resolution is adopted.

Correct B. No, the resolution is not adopted.

C. Yes, the resolution is not adopted.

D. No, the resolution is adopted.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17 View Details

A person is charged with a felony that carries a maximum penalty of 10 years imprisonment and a fine of ₦2,000,000. The offence was committed in Lagos State. Under the Nigerian judicial system, which court has original jurisdiction over this case?

A. Federal High Court

B. Supreme Court

C. Magistrate Court

Correct D. State High Court

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details

The National Assembly passes a law that appears to conflict with a provision of the 1999 Constitution. A citizen challenges the law in the Federal High Court. Which constitutional principle empowers the court to declare the law invalid, and which court is the final appellate authority for such a constitutional matter?

A. Constitutional amendment; Supreme Court

Correct B. Judicial review; Supreme Court

C. Legislative supremacy; Supreme Court

D. Judicial review; Court of Appeal

Correct Answer: B

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Question 19 View Details

A peace‑keeping resolution at the United Nations must first obtain a simple majority in the General Assembly and then be adopted by the Security Council. The General Assembly vote had 150 members present, with 80 voting for, 60 against and 10 abstaining. In the Security Council, 9 members voted for, 5 voted against and 1 abstained. Among the 9 votes for, 2 were cast by permanent members; among the 5 votes against, 2 were cast by permanent members. Does the resolution become adopted?

A. No, the resolution is not adopted but can be reconsidered.

B. Yes, the resolution is adopted pending Security Council approval.

C. Yes, the resolution is adopted.

Correct D. No, the resolution is not adopted.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 20 View Details

A pressure group submits three petitions to the legislature. The petitions receive 4,800; 5,200; and 6,000 signatures respectively. A petition is considered "significant" if it has at least 5,000 signatures. The group also organises two public rallies, each attended by 1,200 people. The government is known to respond when the group's influence score exceeds 10, where influence score = (number of significant petitions) × 2 + (total rally attendance ÷ 1,000). Will the government likely respond to this pressure group?

A. Yes, the government is likely to respond.

Correct B. No, the government is unlikely to respond.

C. No, the government will definitely respond.

D. Yes, the government is unlikely to respond.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21 View Details

Nigeria aims to achieve at least 50 points of foreign‑policy influence in a target region. Each diplomatic mission contributes 4 points and costs ₦2 million, each trade agreement contributes 7 points and costs ₦3 million, and each joint military exercise contributes 10 points and costs ₦5 million. What is the minimum total cost (in million Naira) required to reach the target of 50 points or more?

Correct A. 22

B. 23

C. 20

D. 24

Correct Answer: A

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Question 22 View Details

In a 250‑member legislature, Party A holds 120 seats and always votes Yes on a bill. Party B holds 80 seats and votes Yes with probability 0.6. Party C holds 50 seats and votes Yes with probability 0.8. A simple majority of at least 126 Yes votes is required for passage. Assuming the parties vote as blocks, what is the probability that the bill is passed?

A. 0.94

B. 0.78

Correct C. 0.92

D. 0.86

Correct Answer: C

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Question 23 View Details

The President must form a cabinet of six ministers chosen from twelve eligible candidates. The candidates are distributed among three geopolitical zones: North (5 candidates), South (4 candidates) and Central (3 candidates). At least two ministers must be selected from each zone. How many distinct ways can the President compose the cabinet?

Correct A. 180

B. 210

C. 120

D. 240

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24 View Details

A local government council can fund three development projects. Project A needs 3 staff and ₦4 million, giving a benefit score of 30. Project B needs 2 staff and ₦3 million, giving a benefit of 25. Project C needs 4 staff and ₦9 million, giving a benefit of 40. If Project B is funded, the staff requirement for Project A rises from 3 to 4 because of coordination duties. The council has at most 10 staff and ₦15 million available. Additionally, if both Projects A and C are funded, an extra synergy benefit of 10 is added. Which combination of projects maximises the total benefit, and what is that maximum benefit?

Correct A. Projects A and C, total benefit 80

B. Projects A, B and C, total benefit 95

C. Projects B and C, total benefit 75

D. Projects A and B, total benefit 65

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25 View Details

A public agency evaluates employee performance using three criteria: Efficiency (E), Effectiveness (F) and Innovation (I). The overall score S is calculated as S = w₁·E + w₂·F + w₃·I, where the weights w₁, w₂, w₃ are non‑negative and sum to 1. For a particular employee the scores are E = 78, F = 85 and I = 92. The agency requires the overall score to be at least 84. Further constraints are: (i) the weight for Innovation must be at least twice the weight for Efficiency (w₃ ≥ 2w₁); (ii) the weight for Effectiveness must be at least 0.30 (w₂ ≥ 0.30); and (iii) each weight must be at least 0.10. What is the minimum possible weight for Innovation (w₃) that satisfies all the conditions?

A. 0.25

B. 0.15

C. 0.30

Correct D. 0.2

Correct Answer: D

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