waec model questions vol1 2017 civic_education | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
A small town has reported a noticeable decline in communal moral standards over the past five years. Residents observe increasing incidents of dishonesty in market transactions, a rise in disrespectful language among youths, and a general weakening of the sense of responsibility towards community projects.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify two core values that appear to be eroding in the town.
(b)
Discuss how the erosion of these values could affect social cohesion in the community.
(c)
Propose two practical measures that individuals and community leaders can adopt to revive these values.
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Question 2 View Details
The Federal Electoral Commission (FEC) has introduced a new law that mandates every eligible citizen to register electronically before the next general election. Six months after the law’s enactment, a survey reveals that many youths in rural districts remain unregistered due to lack of awareness and limited internet access.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the constitutional right that guarantees every citizen the ability to vote in Nigeria.
(b)
Analyse the potential consequences of low voter registration among youths on democratic governance in Nigeria.
(c)
Recommend three strategies the FEC could employ to increase voter registration, especially among youths in rural areas.
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Question 3 View Details
Section 15 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria guarantees every citizen the right to education. Section 39 guarantees freedom of expression, subject to reasonable restrictions, while Section 34 guarantees a fair trial. Using these constitutional provisions, answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain how the right to education contributes to national development in Nigeria.
(b)
Discuss two limitations that may be placed on the freedom of expression under Nigerian law, giving a concrete example for each limitation.
(c)
Evaluate the role of the right to a fair trial in protecting other human rights.
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Question 4 View Details
The Constitution of Nigeria outlines several duties that citizens must observe to sustain a democratic society. Consider the responsibilities of voting, paying taxes and participating in community development.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify three civic responsibilities of Nigerian citizens and explain why each is essential for democratic governance.
(b)
Analyse the impact of non‑payment of taxes on public service delivery, citing at least two sectors (e.g., health, education).
(c)
Propose two measures the government could adopt to encourage greater participation of youths in local decision‑making, and justify how each measure would address existing challenges.
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Question 5 View Details
Democracy is a system of government where power ultimately resides with the people and is exercised through elected representatives and accountable institutions.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the principle of popular sovereignty and illustrate how it is manifested in Nigeria’s political system.
(b)
Discuss two advantages and two disadvantages of a multi‑party democracy in Nigeria.
(c)
Evaluate how the concept of accountability is upheld in a democratic system, citing specific Nigerian institutions.
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Question 6 View Details
The rule of law is a cornerstone of good governance and democratic stability.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the rule of law and distinguish it from the concept of ‘rule by man’.
(b)
Analyse how the independence of the judiciary contributes to the rule of law in Nigeria.
(c)
Propose two measures that could strengthen the rule of law in Nigeria and justify each measure.
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Question 7 View Details
The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria provides the framework for governance. Answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the doctrine of separation of powers and explain why it is a fundamental principle in the Nigerian Constitution.
(b)
Illustrate, with specific references, how the legislative, executive and judicial arms of government embody the doctrine of separation of powers.
(c)
The Constitution was amended in 2018 to require that a presidential ticket have a running‑mate from a different geopolitical zone. Analyse how this amendment affects the balance of power among the three arms of government.
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Question 8 View Details
National identity is a crucial element of nation‑building in Nigeria. Answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Define national identity and discuss its essential components as they apply to Nigeria.
(b)
Examine the role of language, culture, and religion in shaping Nigeria’s national identity, giving concrete examples for each.
(c)
Identify and critically evaluate two major challenges that hinder the development of a cohesive national identity in Nigeria, and propose feasible measures to address each challenge.
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