waec model questions vol1 2017 agricultural_science | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A farmer intends to improve soil organic matter on a 0.5 ha field by using a leguminous green‑manure crop, Mucuna pruriens, for 8 weeks before planting maize. The average dry‑matter yield of M. pruriens is 12 t ha⁻¹ and its carbon content is 45 % (by weight).
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the amount of carbon (in kilograms) that will be added to the soil from the green‑manure crop.
(b)
State two ecological or agronomic benefits of incorporating M. pruriens as a green‑manure in the cropping system.
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Question 2 View Details
A soil sample taken from a cultivated field gave the following properties: bulk density = 1.35 g cm⁻³, field capacity = 0.28 cm³ cm⁻³, wilting point = 0.15 cm³ cm⁻³. The effective rooting depth of the crop is 30 cm and the field area is 1 ha.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the total amount of plant‑available water stored in the root zone. Express your answer in (i) millimetres of water depth and (ii) cubic metres of water for the whole hectare.
(b)
The crop requires 5 mm of water per day for 10 consecutive days. Determine whether the stored plant‑available water is sufficient, and if not, calculate the additional irrigation water required (in mm).
(c)
Suggest two agronomic practices that could increase the plant‑available water holding capacity of this soil and briefly explain how they achieve this.
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Question 3 View Details
A farmer is using a hand hoe to prepare a rectangular plot measuring 30 m by 20 m. The hoe has a mass of 2.5 kg and the farmer holds it at an angle of 30° to the horizontal while striking the soil. During the operation the farmer records the following data: each forward stroke moves the hoe 0.6 m, he makes 120 strokes per minute and works continuously for 25 minutes.
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the total distance travelled by the tip of the hoe during the whole operation (in metres).
(b)
Assuming the effective force exerted by the farmer on the hoe equals the component of the hoe’s weight acting along the direction of motion (weight × sin 30°), calculate the total work done on the soil (in joules).
(c)
Using the work obtained in (b) and the total time of operation, calculate the average power output of the farmer in watts (1 W = 1 J s⁻¹).
(d)
Identify two probable sources of error in the work calculation and suggest how each could be minimised.
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Question 4 View Details
A small diesel tractor is used to pull a single‑bottom plough across a field. The tractor’s engine is rated at 25 kW at the crankshaft. The draw‑bar pull measured during operation is 1500 N. The tractor moves at a constant speed of 4 km h⁻¹. The farmer operates the tractor for 3.5 h to cover the entire field. Fuel consumption recorded for the whole operation is 5.6 L of diesel. The price of diesel is ₦165 per litre. The field area is 7.5 ha.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the total distance covered during the operation (in kilometres).
(b)
Determine the total mechanical work done by the tractor on the soil (in megajoules).
(c)
Compute the average power delivered at the draw‑bar during the operation (in kilowatts).
(d)
Find the fuel cost per hectare for this operation.
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