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POST UTME UNIBEN 2020 Biology | Objective

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Question 1

In the context of hormonal coordination, what is the primary function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis?

A. Regulation of body temperature

Correct B. Maintenance of homeostasis

C. Stimulation of the immune system

D. Modulation of the autonomic nervous system

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2

A diagram of the human respiratory system is shown below. What is the primary function of the alveoli?

Correct A. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

B. Production of surfac\tant

C. Regulation of pH

D. Maintenance of lung volume

Correct Answer: A

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Question 3

A diagram of the human circulatory system is shown below. What is the primary function of the capillaries?

Correct A. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

B. Production of blood cells

C. Regulation of blood pressure

D. Maintenance of blood volume

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4

A diagram of the human excretory system is shown below. What is the primary function of the kidneys?

A. Regulation of pH

B. Maintenance of electrolyte balance

Correct C. Production of urine

D. Regulation of blood pressure

Correct Answer: C

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Question 5

A diagram of the human nervous system is shown below. What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

A. Regulation of movement

B. Maintenance of posture

C. Regulation of balance

Correct D. Maintenance of coordination

Correct Answer: D

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Question 6

A study on the genetic basis of antibiotic resis\tance in bacteria revealed that the resis\tance gene is located on a plasmid. Which of the following best describes the mode of inheri\tance of this gene?

A. Autosomal dominant

B. Autosomal recessive

Correct C. Mitochondrial inheri\tance

D. Chromosomal mutation

Correct Answer: C

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Question 7

A researcher is studying the effect of pH on the growth of E. coli. The researcher notices that the bacteria grow best at a pH of 7.0. What type of enzyme is most likely responsible for this phenomenon?

A. Acid phosphatase

Correct B. Alkaline phosphatase

C. Lactase

D. Amylase

Correct Answer: B

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Question 8

A diagram of a plant cell is shown below. What is the function of the structure labeled 'X'?

Correct A. Photosynthesis

B. Respiration

C. Storage of nutrients

D. Production of hormones

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9

A geneticist is studying the inheri\tance of a trait in a population of mice. The trait is determined by a \single gene with two alleles: 'B' and 'b'. The geneticist notices that the mice with the 'B' allele are more likely to survive in a particular environment. What type of selection is occurring in this population?

Correct A. Natural selection

B. Artificial selection

C. Genetic drift

D. Gene flow

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10

A researcher is studying the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis in a plant. The researcher notices that the rate of photosynthesis increases as the temperature increases up to a certain point. What type of enzyme is most likely responsible for this phenomenon?

Correct A. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO)

B. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)

C. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

D. Glu\cose-6-phosphatase

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11

In a population of 1000 bacteria, 80% are susceptible to a particular antibiotic. If 200 bacteria are exposed to the antibiotic, what is the expected number of resis\tant bacteria?

Correct A. 120

B. 150

C. 180

D. 200

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12

A 2.5 L flask contains 0.5 mol of an ideal gas at 27°C. What is the pressure of the gas?

Correct A. 1.01 × 10^5 Pa

B. 2.02 × 10^5 Pa

C. 3.03 × 10^5 Pa

D. 4.04 × 10^5 Pa

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13

A 50-year-old man has been experiencing symptoms of Alzheimer's disease for the past 5 years. His Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score is 15. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Frontotemporal dementia

Correct B. Alzheimer's disease

C. Vascular dementia

D. Lewy body dementia

Correct Answer: B

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Question 14

A researcher is studying the effect of pH on the growth of E. coli. The researcher measures the growth of the bacteria at different pH levels and plots the data on a graph. What is the most likely shape of the graph?

A. Linear

B. Exponential

C. Logarithmic

Correct D. Sigmoidal

Correct Answer: D

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Question 15

A 30-year-old woman has been experiencing symptoms of depression for the past 6 months. Her Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score is 25. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct A. Major depressive disorder

B. Bipolar disorder

C. Postpartum depression

D. Seasonal affective disorder

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16

In a tropical rainforest e\cosystem, what is the primary function of the leaf's cuticle?

Correct A. To prevent water loss through transpiration

B. To regulate temperature and prevent overheating

C. To facilitate gas exchange and photosynthesis

D. To protect the leaf from herbivores and pathogens

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17

A patient with a damaged optic nerve is unable to perceive colors. Which part of the eye is responsible for color vision?

A. Cornea

B. Iris

Correct C. Retina

D. Macula

Correct Answer: C

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Question 18

A plant's xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. What is the primary function of the xylem's companion cells?

Correct A. To regulate the rate of water transport

B. To facilitate the absorption of nutrients from the soil

C. To maintain the structural integrity of the xylem

D. To produce hormones that stimulate root growth

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19

A person with a hormone imbalance is experiencing excessive hair growth on their face and body. Which hormone is most likely responsible for this condition?

A. Insulin

B. Adrenaline

C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Correct D. Androgens

Correct Answer: D

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Question 20

A diagram of a plant's root system is shown below. What is the function of the root hairs?

Correct A. To absorb water and minerals from the soil

B. To anchor the plant in the soil

C. To produce hormones that stimulate root growth

D. To facilitate the exchange of gases with the atmosphere

Correct Answer: A

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Question 21

In a closed system, the rate of respiration in a cell is influenced by the concentration of oxygen and the activity of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between oxygen concentration and the rate of respiration?

Correct A. The rate of respiration increases with increa\sing oxygen concentration.

B. The rate of respiration decreases with increa\sing oxygen concentration.

C. The rate of respiration is unaffected by oxygen concentration.

D. The rate of respiration increases with decrea\sing oxygen concentration.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 22

A patient with a kidney stone is experiencing severe pain in the flank region. Which of the following statements regarding the pathophysio\logy of kidney stones is correct?

A. Kidney stones are formed due to an excess of calcium in the urine.

Correct B. Kidney stones are formed due to an excess of oxalate in the urine.

C. Kidney stones are formed due to an excess of uric acid in the urine.

D. Kidney stones are formed due to an excess of sodium in the urine.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 23

A patient with a head injury is experiencing difficulty with coordination and balance. Which of the following statements regarding the pathophysio\logy of head injuries is correct?

Correct A. Head injuries can cause damage to the cerebellum, leading to ataxia.

B. Head injuries can cause damage to the cerebral cortex, leading to aphasia.

C. Head injuries can cause damage to the brainstem, leading to quadriplegia.

D. Head injuries can cause damage to the spinal cord, leading to paraplegia.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24

A patient with a visual impairment is experiencing difficulty with visual acuity. Which of the following statements regarding the pathophysio\logy of visual impairments is correct?

Correct A. Visual impairments can be caused by damage to the retina.

B. Visual impairments can be caused by damage to the optic nerve.

C. Visual impairments can be caused by damage to the cornea.

D. Visual impairments can be caused by damage to the lens.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25

A cell is undergoing mitosis. Which of the following statements regarding the stages of mitosis is correct?

Correct A. Prophase is the stage where the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

B. Metaphase is the stage where the chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.

C. Anaphase is the stage where the sister chromatids separate.

D. Telophase is the stage where the nuclear envelope reforms.

Correct Answer: A

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