POST UTME JOSEPH AYO BABALOLA UNIVERSITY 2018 Biology | Objective

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Question 1
In a eukaryotic cell, the process of mitosis is initiated by the breakdown of the nuclear envelope, which is triggered by the activation of the protein kinase Cdc28. What is the primary function of the Cdc28 protein in this context?
Correct A. To phosphorylate and activate the cyclin-dep\endent kinase
B. To bind to and inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex
C. To regulate the expression of the histone genes
D. To stabilize the microtubules of the spindle apparatus

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2
A patient with a rare genetic disorder has a mutation in the gene encoding the protein dystrophin. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between dystrophin and the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC)?
A. Dystrophin is a component of the DAPC and plays a crucial role in its assembly
B. Dystrophin is a regulatory subunit of the DAPC and inhibits its activity
Correct C. Dystrophin is a structural component of the DAPC and provides mechanical stability
D. Dystrophin is a signaling molecule that interacts with the DAPC to regulate muscle function

Correct Answer: C

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Question 3
A researcher is studying the effects of a new compound on the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following statements best describes the mechanism by which the compound inhibits the enzyme?
A. The compound binds to the active site of the enzyme and prevents substrate binding
B. The compound binds to a allosteric site on the enzyme and reduces its activity
Correct C. The compound forms a covalent bond with the enzyme and irreversibly inhibits it
D. The compound increases the activity of the enzyme by stabilizing its conformation

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4
A patient with a rare genetic disorder has a mutation in the gene encoding the protein cystic fibrosis transmembrane conduc\tance regulator (CFTR). Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between CFTR and the regulation of chloride ion transport across epithelial cell membranes?
Correct A. CFTR is a chloride channel that regulates the transport of chloride ions across epithelial cell membranes
B. CFTR is a regulatory subunit of the epithelial sodium channel and inhibits its activity
C. CFTR is a structural component of the tight junctions between epithelial cells and provides mechanical stability
D. CFTR is a signaling molecule that interacts with the epithelial sodium channel to regulate sodium ion transport

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5
A researcher is studying the effects of a new compound on the activity of the enzyme cytochrome P450. Which of the following statements best describes the mechanism by which the compound induces the expression of the cytochrome P450 gene?
A. The compound binds to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and activates its transcriptional activity
Correct B. The compound binds to the pregnane X receptor and activates its transcriptional activity
C. The compound forms a covalent bond with the cytochrome P450 enzyme and irreversibly inhibits it
D. The compound increases the activity of the cytochrome P450 enzyme by stabilizing its conformation

Correct Answer: B

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Question 6
In the context of hormonal coordination, what is the primary function of the hypothalamus in regulating the pituitary gland?
A. To produce hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland
B. To inhibit the production of hormones by the pituitary gland
Correct C. To regulate the release of hormones by the pituitary gland
D. To produce hormones that inhibit the pituitary gland

Correct Answer: C

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Question 7
What is the primary difference between a meristematic tissue and a permanent tissue in plants?
Correct A. Meristematic tissue is composed of cells that are capable of division, while permanent tissue is composed of cells that are not capable of division
B. Meristematic tissue is composed of cells that are differentiated, while permanent tissue is composed of cells that are undifferentiated
C. Meristematic tissue is composed of cells that are dead, while permanent tissue is composed of cells that are alive
D. Meristematic tissue is composed of cells that are permanent, while permanent tissue is composed of cells that are meristematic

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8
In the context of genetics, what is the term for the process by which an organism's genetic information is passed from one generation to the next?
A. Mutation
B. Genetic drift
C. Natural selection
Correct D. Heritability

Correct Answer: D

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Question 9
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?
A. To synthesize proteins
B. To break down proteins
Correct C. To modify and package proteins for transport
D. To synthesize lipids

Correct Answer: C

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Question 10
What is the term for the process by which an organism's genetic information is altered by external factors?
Correct A. Mutation
B. Genetic drift
C. Natural selection
D. Epigenetics

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11
In a population of Drosophila melanogaster, the frequency of the recessive allele 'a' is 0.2. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype 'AA'?
Correct A. 0.64
B. 0.36
C. 0.16
D. 0.84

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12
A plant with the genotype 'Tt' is crossed with a plant with the genotype 'TT'. What is the probability that the offspring will have the genotype 'tt'?
Correct A. 0.25
B. 0.5
C. 0.75
D. 0.9

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13
The xylem sap of a plant contains 0.5 M sucrose and 0.2 M glu\cose. What is the total concentration of solutes in the xylem sap?
A. 0.7 M
Correct B. 0.8 M
C. 0.9 M
D. 1.0 M

Correct Answer: B

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Question 14
A person with normal vision has a visual acuity of 6/6. If the person's visual acuity is reduced to 6/60 due to a cataract, what is the percentage decrease in visual acuity?
Correct A. 90%
B. 80%
C. 70%
D. 60%

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15
A plant with the genotype 'Rr' is crossed with a plant with the genotype 'rr'. What is the probability that the offspring will have the genotype 'RR'?
A. 0.25
Correct B. 0.5
C. 0.75
D. 0.9

Correct Answer: B

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Question 16
In a diploid cell, what is the ratio of the number of alleles for a particular gene to the total number of alleles in the cell?
A. 1:1
B. 2:1
C. 1:2
Correct D. 2:2

Correct Answer: D

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Question 17
A 2-year-old child is brought to the pediatrician with a complaint of frequent urination. The child's urine is dark yellow and has a strong odor. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?
A. Diabetes mellitus
Correct B. Diabetes insipidus
C. Kidney stones
D. Urinary tract infection

Correct Answer: B

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Question 18
A researcher is studying the effect of a new medication on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The researcher wants to compare the mean blood pressure of patients taking the new medication with the mean blood pressure of patients taking a placebo. Which statistical test would be most appropriate for this study?
Correct A. t-test
B. ANOVA
C. Regression analysis
D. Chi-square test

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19
A 35-year-old woman is diagnosed with breast cancer. The cancer is found to be estrogen receptor-positive. Which of the following treatments would be most effective for this patient?
A. Surgery
B. Chemotherapy
Correct C. Hormone therapy
D. Radiation therapy

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20
A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency room with a severe headache and vomiting. The patient's blood pressure is 180/120 mmHg. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?
A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
B. Intracerebral hemorrhage
Correct C. Hypertensive crisis
D. Meningitis

Correct Answer: C

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Question 21
In a population of Drosophila melanogaster, the frequency of the recessive allele 'r' is 0.2. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype?
Correct A. 0.36
B. 0.64
C. 0.16
D. 0.04

Correct Answer: A

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Question 22
The diagram below represents a cross between two true-breeding lines of maize. What is the probability that a progeny will be tall?
A. 0.5
Correct B. 0.75
C. 0.25
D. 0.33

Correct Answer: B

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Question 23
A solution of 0.1 M NaCl is prepared by dissolving 5.84 g of NaCl in 1 L of water. What is the concentration of Na+ ions in the solution?
Correct A. 0.01 M
B. 0.1 M
C. 0.05 M
D. 0.005 M

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24
The diagram below represents a cross between two true-breeding lines of maize. What is the probability that a progeny will be tall?
A. 0.5
Correct B. 0.75
C. 0.25
D. 0.33

Correct Answer: B

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Question 25
The diagram below represents a cross between two true-breeding lines of maize. What is the probability that a progeny will be tall?
A. 0.5
Correct B. 0.75
C. 0.25
D. 0.33

Correct Answer: B

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