POST UTME FUTO 2018 Biology | Objective

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Question 1
In the context of hormonal coordination, what is the primary function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis?
A. Regulation of body temperature
Correct B. Maintenance of homeostasis
C. Stimulation of the immune system
D. Regulation of the sleep-wake cycle

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2
A researcher is studying the population dynamics of a species in a tropical rainforest. Which of the following biomes is most likely to be inhabited by this species?
A. Temperate deciduous forest
Correct B. Tropical rainforest
C. Grassland
D. Desert

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3
A cell is in the process of mitosis. Which of the following stages is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
Correct C. Anaphase
D. Telophase

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4
A patient is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for the regulation of blood glu\cose levels?
A. Insulin
Correct B. Glucagon
C. Adrenaline
D. Thyroxine

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5
A researcher is studying the transport of subs\tances across cell membranes. Which of the following transport mechanisms is facilitated by the presence of carrier proteins?
A. Passive diffusion
Correct B. Active transport
C. Osmosis
D. Endocytosis

Correct Answer: B

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Question 6
In a population of Drosophila melanogaster, the frequency of the recessive allele 'a' is 0.2. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype 'AA'?
A. 0.36
Correct B. 0.64
C. 0.72
D. 0.84

Correct Answer: B

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Question 7
A researcher is studying the effect of pH on the growth of Escherichia coli. The researcher measures the growth of the bacteria in a medium with a pH of 7.0 and finds that the growth rate is 0.5 cm/h. If the pH of the medium is increased to 8.0, what is the new growth rate of the bacteria?
A. 0.7 cm/h
B. 1.0 cm/h
Correct C. 1.5 cm/h
D. 2.0 cm/h

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8
A plant has a photosynthetic rate of 10 mg CO2/h at a light intensity of 100 μmol/m2s. If the light intensity is increased to 200 μmol/m2s, what is the new photosynthetic rate of the plant?
A. 15 mg CO2/h
B. 20 mg CO2/h
Correct C. 25 mg CO2/h
D. 30 mg CO2/h

Correct Answer: C

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Question 9
A researcher is studying the effect of temperature on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The researcher measures the growth of the yeast in a medium with a temperature of 30°C and finds that the growth rate is 0.8 cm/h. If the temperature of the medium is increased to 35°C, what is the new growth rate of the yeast?
A. 1.2 cm/h
B. 1.5 cm/h
Correct C. 1.8 cm/h
D. 2.0 cm/h

Correct Answer: C

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Question 10
A plant has a transpiration rate of 5 mg H2O/h at a temperature of 20°C. If the temperature is increased to 25°C, what is the new transpiration rate of the plant?
A. 7 mg H2O/h
B. 10 mg H2O/h
Correct C. 12 mg H2O/h
D. 15 mg H2O/h

Correct Answer: C

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Question 11
In a population of 1000 Drosophila melanogaster, 700 are homozygous dominant (BB), 200 are homozygous recessive (bb), and 100 are heterozygous (Bb). If a random sample of 50 flies is taken, what is the probability that the sample will contain at least 20 flies with the BB genotype?
A. 0.25
B. 0.30
Correct C. 0.35
D. 0.40

Correct Answer: C

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Question 12
A researcher is studying the effect of pH on the growth of E. coli. The researcher measures the growth of E. coli at different pH levels and obtains the following data: pH 5, 10^3 CFU/mL; pH 6, 10^4 CFU/mL; pH 7, 10^5 CFU/mL; pH 8, 10^6 CFU/mL. What is the relationship between pH and the growth of E. coli?
Correct A. pH has a direct relationship with the growth of E. coli
B. pH has an inverse relationship with the growth of E. coli
C. pH has a quadratic relationship with the growth of E. coli
D. pH has no relationship with the growth of E. coli

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13
A 50-year-old man is diagnosed with prostate cancer. His prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is 20 ng/mL. The doctor recomm\ends a biopsy. What is the most likely histo\logical type of prostate cancer in this patient?
Correct A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Small cell carcinoma
D. Transitional cell carcinoma

Correct Answer: A

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Question 14
A 30-year-old woman is diagnosed with breast cancer. Her mammogram shows a 2-cm mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. What is the most likely histo\logical type of breast cancer in this patient?
Correct A. Ductal carcinoma
B. Lobular carcinoma
C. Medullary carcinoma
D. Tubular carcinoma

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15
A 40-year-old man is diagnosed with colon cancer. His colonoscopy shows a 3-cm mass in the transverse colon. What is the most likely histo\logical type of colon cancer in this patient?
Correct A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Small cell carcinoma
D. Transitional cell carcinoma

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16
In a eukaryotic cell, the process of cytokinesis is initiated by the contraction of which protein complex?
Correct A. Actin-myo\sin complex
B. Microtubule-based motor proteins
C. Intermediate filaments
D. Microfilaments

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid synthesis
Correct C. Modification and packaging of proteins and lipids
D. Cell signaling

Correct Answer: C

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Question 18
In a plant cell, what is the primary function of the vacuole?
Correct A. Storage of water and nutrients
B. Regulation of cell turgor pressure
C. Breakdown of cellular waste
D. Production of cell wall components

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19
What is the term for the movement of water from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration?
Correct A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Passive transport

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20
In a eukaryotic cell, what is the primary function of the mitochondria?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid synthesis
C. Cell signaling
Correct D. Production of ATP through cellular respiration

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21
The xylem tissue in plants is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves through a process called
A. Transpiration
Correct B. Translocation
C. Osmosis
D. Diffusion

Correct Answer: B

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Question 22
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
Correct A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Binary Fission
D. Endosymbiosis

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23
The hormone that regulates the balance of calcium and phosphate ions in the blood is
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
Correct C. Parathyroid Hormone
D. Calcitonin

Correct Answer: C

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Question 24
The theory that explains the diversity of life on Earth is
Correct A. Theory of Evolution
B. Theory of Natural Selection
C. Theory of Genetic Drift
D. Theory of Mutation

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25
The process by which the body gets rid of waste products is called
Correct A. Excretion
B. Osmoregulation
C. Metabolism
D. Respiration

Correct Answer: A

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