Practice post utme bowen university government 2021 Past Questions

Question 1

The concept of legitimacy in government is closely related to the idea of authority. Explain how the two concepts differ, using examples from the Nigerian Constitution.

A. Legitimacy refers to the acceptance of authority by the people, while authority refers to the power to make decisions.

B. Legitimacy is the process of acquiring authority, while authority is the exercise of power.

Correct C. Legitimacy is the moral justification of authority, while authority is the ability to enforce decisions.

D. Legitimacy is the source of authority, while authority is the means of exercising power.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 2

The separation of powers in the Nigerian government is a system of checks and balances. Explain how the three branches of government (legislative, executive, and judicial) interact to maintain the balance of power.

Correct A. The legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch enforces laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws.

B. The legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch interprets laws, and the judicial branch enforces laws.

C. The executive branch makes laws, the legislative branch enforces laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws.

D. The judicial branch makes laws, the executive branch interprets laws, and the legislative branch enforces laws.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 3

The electoral system in Nigeria is based on the principle of one man, one vote. Explain how the system works, using examples from the 2019 general elections.

Correct A. The system is based on a first-past-the-post system, where the candidate with the most votes wins.

B. The system is based on a proportional representation system, where seats are allocated based on the number of votes received.

C. The system is based on a mixed-member proportional system, where a combination of first-past-the-post and proportional representation is used.

D. The system is based on a single transferable vote system, where voters rank candidates in order of preference.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4

The Nigerian Constitution is based on the principles of federalism and the rule of law. Explain how the Constitution has evolved over time, using examples from the 1963, 1979, and 1999 Constitutions.

Correct A. The Constitution has evolved from a unitary system to a federal system, with increased powers for the states.

B. The Constitution has remained largely unchanged, with only minor amendments made over time.

C. The Constitution has become more centralized, with reduced powers for the states.

D. The Constitution has been replaced by a new document, with significant changes to the system of government.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5

The United Nations is an international organization that promotes peace and security among its member states. Explain how the UN works, using examples from its peacekeeping missions in Africa.

Correct A. The UN works by sending peacekeeping troops to conflict zones, with the consent of the host government.

B. The UN works by imposing economic sanctions on countries that violate international law.

C. The UN works by providing humanitarian aid to countries affected by conflict.

D. The UN works by promoting diplomacy and negotiation between warring parties.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6

The concept of constitutionalism in Nigeria is rooted in the country's pre-colonial and colonial past. Analyze the impact of British colonial rule on the development of constitutionalism in Nigeria.

Correct A. The British colonial rule led to the adoption of a parliamentary system of government, which has been a major influence on Nigeria's constitutional development.

B. The British colonial rule suppressed the development of constitutionalism in Nigeria, leading to a lack of democratic institutions.

C. The British colonial rule introduced the concept of constitutionalism to Nigeria, but it was not fully implemented until after independence.

D. The British colonial rule had no significant impact on the development of constitutionalism in Nigeria.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7

The 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a product of the country's constitutional development. Identify the key features of this constitution that reflect the country's commitment to democratic governance.

Correct A. The constitution establishes a federal system of government, with a strong emphasis on the protection of individual rights and freedoms.

B. The constitution introduces a presidential system of government, with a strong emphasis on the role of the president in the legislative process.

C. The constitution establishes a parliamentary system of government, with a strong emphasis on the role of the legislature in the executive process.

D. The constitution introduces a hybrid system of government, with elements of both presidential and parliamentary systems.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8

The concept of rule of law is a fundamental principle of constitutionalism in Nigeria. Explain how the country's judiciary has contributed to the development of the rule of law in the country.

Correct A. The judiciary has played a crucial role in interpreting the constitution and ensuring that the government respects the rule of law.

B. The judiciary has been ineffective in enforcing the rule of law, leading to a lack of respect for the constitution and the law.

C. The judiciary has been influenced by external factors, such as colonialism and globalization, which have undermined the rule of law in Nigeria.

D. The judiciary has been too powerful, leading to a lack of checks and balances in the government.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9

The 1963 Republican Constitution of Nigeria was a significant milestone in the country's constitutional development. Identify the key features of this constitution that reflect the country's commitment to democratic governance.

Correct A. The constitution established a federal system of government, with a strong emphasis on the protection of individual rights and freedoms.

B. The constitution introduced a presidential system of government, with a strong emphasis on the role of the president in the legislative process.

C. The constitution established a parliamentary system of government, with a strong emphasis on the role of the legislature in the executive process.

D. The constitution introduced a hybrid system of government, with elements of both presidential and parliamentary systems.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10

The concept of human rights is a fundamental principle of constitutionalism in Nigeria. Explain how the country's constitution has protected the human rights of its citizens.

Correct A. The constitution has established a Bill of Rights, which protects the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens.

B. The constitution has introduced a system of judicial review, which allows the courts to interpret the constitution and ensure that the government respects human rights.

C. The constitution has established a National Human Rights Commission, which is responsible for promoting and protecting human rights in the country.

D. The constitution has introduced a system of executive orders, which allows the president to bypass the legislature and make decisions on human rights issues.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11

The African Union's (AU) primary goal is to promote economic integration and cooperation among its member states. Which of the following is a key mechanism for achieving this goal?

A. The AU's Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM)

Correct B. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)

C. The African Monetary Union (AMU)

D. The African Union's Peace and Security Council

Correct Answer: B

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Question 12

In the context of the United Nations (UN), what is the primary purpose of the General Assembly?

A. To serve as the supreme decision-making body of the UN

Correct B. To provide a forum for member states to discuss and resolve global issues

C. To oversee the implementation of UN resolutions and decisions

D. To appoint the UN Secretary-General

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13

The concept of checks and balances in a system of government is designed to prevent the concentration of power in one branch or institution. Which of the following is an example of a check on the executive branch?

Correct A. The power of the legislative branch to impeach the president

B. The power of the judicial branch to declare laws unconstitutional

C. The power of the executive branch to veto laws passed by Congress

D. The power of the president to appoint federal judges

Correct Answer: A

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Question 14

In a constitutional democracy, the constitution serves as the supreme law of the land. Which of the following is a key feature of a constitutional democracy?

A. The separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches

Correct B. The protection of individual rights and freedoms through a bill of rights

C. The direct election of the head of state by the people

D. The appointment of judges by the head of state

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15

The concept of federalism in a system of government involves the division of power between a central authority and constituent political units. Which of the following is an example of a federal system?

Correct A. The United States of America

B. The United Kingdom

C. The European Union

D. The People's Republic of China

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16

The concept of checks and balances in a system of government is designed to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of one individual or group. Which of the following is a key feature of this system?

Correct A. Separation of powers

B. Independent judiciary

C. Accountability to the people

D. Limitations on the power of the executive

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization that was established in the aftermath of World War II. What is the primary purpose of the UN?

Correct A. To promote peace and security among its member states

B. To provide economic assistance to developing countries

C. To promote human rights and social justice

D. To provide military assistance to member states

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18

The concept of federalism in a system of government refers to the division of power between a central authority and constituent political units. Which of the following is a characteristic of a federal system?

A. A strong central government

B. A weak central government

Correct C. A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units

D. A system of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or group

Correct Answer: C

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Question 19

The concept of the separation of powers in a system of government refers to the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Which of the following is a key feature of this system?

A. The legislative branch has the power to make laws

B. The executive branch has the power to enforce laws

Correct C. The judicial branch has the power to interpret laws

D. The legislative, executive, and judicial branches have equal power

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20

The concept of public administration refers to the implementation of policies and programs by government agencies. Which of the following is a key feature of public administration?

A. The use of private sector techniques in the implementation of policies

Correct B. The use of public sector techniques in the implementation of policies

C. The use of a combination of public and private sector techniques in the implementation of policies

D. The use of a single technique in the implementation of policies

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21

The concept of the rule of law is closely tied to the idea of constitutionalism. Discuss how the rule of law is essential for the protection of human rights in a democratic society.

A. The rule of law ensures that the government and its institutions are accountable to the people.

Correct B. The rule of law provides a framework for the protection of individual rights and freedoms.

C. The rule of law promotes the principle of equality before the law.

D. The rule of law ensures that the government has the power to make laws without checks and balances.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 22

The 1963 Republican Constitution of Nigeria was a significant milestone in the country's constitutional development. Discuss the key features of this constitution and its impact on the country's political landscape.

Correct A. The 1963 Republican Constitution established a federal system of government with a strong emphasis on regional autonomy.

B. The 1963 Republican Constitution introduced a presidential system of government with a powerful executive.

C. The 1963 Republican Constitution provided for a unicameral legislature with limited powers.

D. The 1963 Republican Constitution established a parliamentary system of government with a strong emphasis on cabinet responsibility.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23

The concept of pre-colonial administration in Nigeria refers to the systems of governance that existed in the country before the arrival of European colonizers. Discuss the key features of pre-colonial administration in Nigeria and its impact on the country's political development.

Correct A. Pre-colonial administration in Nigeria was characterized by a decentralized system of governance with a strong emphasis on local autonomy.

B. Pre-colonial administration in Nigeria was characterized by a centralized system of governance with a strong emphasis on imperial power.

C. Pre-colonial administration in Nigeria was characterized by a feudal system of governance with a strong emphasis on nobility and aristocracy.

D. Pre-colonial administration in Nigeria was characterized by a tribal system of governance with a strong emphasis on kinship and clan ties.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24

The 1999 Constitution of Nigeria is a significant document in the country's constitutional development. Discuss the key features of this constitution and its impact on the country's political landscape.

Correct A. The 1999 Constitution established a federal system of government with a strong emphasis on state autonomy.

B. The 1999 Constitution introduced a presidential system of government with a powerful executive.

C. The 1999 Constitution provided for a unicameral legislature with limited powers.

D. The 1999 Constitution established a parliamentary system of government with a strong emphasis on cabinet responsibility.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25

The concept of constitutionalism refers to the idea that a country's constitution should be the supreme law of the land. Discuss the key features of constitutionalism and its impact on a country's political development.

A. Constitutionalism ensures that the government and its institutions are accountable to the people.

Correct B. Constitutionalism provides a framework for the protection of individual rights and freedoms.

C. Constitutionalism promotes the principle of equality before the law.

D. Constitutionalism ensures that the government has the power to make laws without checks and balances.

Correct Answer: B

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