Practice post utme al-hikmah university government 2020 Past Questions

Question 1

In the context of Foreign Policy and International Relations, what is the primary goal of a nation's foreign policy?

Correct A. To promote national security

B. To promote economic interests

C. To promote cultural exchange

D. To promote global governance

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2

What is the concept of 'checks and balances' in the context of Separation of Powers?

A. The power of the executive to veto legislation

B. The power of the legislative to impeach the executive

Correct C. The power of the judicial to declare laws unconstitutional

D. The power of the executive to appoint judges

Correct Answer: C

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Question 3

In the context of Pre-colonial and Colonial Administration, what was the primary impact of the Scramble for Africa?

A. The establishment of independent nation-states

Correct B. The imposition of European colonial rule

C. The spread of Christianity and Western education

D. The development of African economies

Correct Answer: B

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Question 4

What is the concept of 'rule of law' in the context of Human Rights?

Correct A. The idea that the law is above the government

B. The idea that the government is above the law

C. The idea that the law is a tool for social change

D. The idea that the law is a means of social control

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5

In the context of Constitutions and Constitutionalism, what is the primary purpose of a constitution?

A. To establish the powers of the government

Correct B. To protect the rights of citizens

C. To promote national unity

D. To facilitate economic development

Correct Answer: B

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Question 6

The concept of Rule of Law is closely related to the idea of Separation of Powers. Discuss the relationship between these two concepts, using examples from the Nigerian Constitution.

A. The Rule of Law is a principle that guides the application of the law, while Separation of Powers is a system of government that divides power among different branches.

B. The Rule of Law is a concept that emphasizes the importance of human rights, while Separation of Powers is a system that ensures accountability in government.

Correct C. The Rule of Law is a principle that ensures the independence of the judiciary, while Separation of Powers is a system that prevents the concentration of power.

D. The Rule of Law is a concept that promotes the rule of the majority, while Separation of Powers is a system that protects the rights of minorities.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 7

The Nigerian Constitution provides for a system of government that is based on the principles of federalism. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this system, using examples from the Nigerian experience.

Correct A. The system of federalism provides for greater autonomy for states and local governments, but it also creates opportunities for conflict and competition between different levels of government.

B. The system of federalism promotes economic development by allowing states and local governments to make decisions about their own economic policies.

C. The system of federalism ensures that power is distributed evenly among different branches of government, but it also creates opportunities for corruption and abuse of power.

D. The system of federalism promotes social justice by ensuring that the rights of all citizens are protected, but it also creates opportunities for conflict and competition between different groups.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8

The concept of human rights is closely related to the idea of the Rule of Law. Discuss the relationship between these two concepts, using examples from the Nigerian experience.

A. The concept of human rights is a principle that guides the application of the law, while the Rule of Law is a system of government that ensures the protection of human rights.

Correct B. The concept of human rights is a concept that emphasizes the importance of individual freedoms, while the Rule of Law is a system that ensures the protection of individual rights.

C. The concept of human rights is a principle that ensures the independence of the judiciary, while the Rule of Law is a system that prevents the concentration of power.

D. The concept of human rights is a concept that promotes the rule of the majority, while the Rule of Law is a system that protects the rights of minorities.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9

The Nigerian Constitution provides for a system of government that is based on the principles of democracy. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this system, using examples from the Nigerian experience.

Correct A. The system of democracy provides for greater participation of citizens in the decision-making process, but it also creates opportunities for conflict and competition between different groups.

B. The system of democracy promotes economic development by allowing citizens to make decisions about their own economic policies.

C. The system of democracy ensures that power is distributed evenly among different branches of government, but it also creates opportunities for corruption and abuse of power.

D. The system of democracy promotes social justice by ensuring that the rights of all citizens are protected, but it also creates opportunities for conflict and competition between different groups.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10

The concept of the separation of powers is closely related to the idea of checks and balances. Discuss the relationship between these two concepts, using examples from the Nigerian Constitution.

A. The concept of the separation of powers is a principle that guides the application of the law, while checks and balances are a system of government that ensures the protection of individual rights.

B. The concept of the separation of powers is a system of government that ensures the independence of the judiciary, while checks and balances are a principle that prevents the concentration of power.

C. The concept of the separation of powers is a principle that promotes the rule of the majority, while checks and balances are a system that protects the rights of minorities.

Correct D. The concept of the separation of powers is a system that ensures the distribution of power among different branches of government, while checks and balances are a principle that prevents the abuse of power.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11

The concept of legitimacy in political systems is closely related to the idea of authority. Discuss the relationship between legitimacy and authority, and explain how they are used to justify power in a democratic system.

A. Legitimacy is the acceptance of authority by the people, while authority is the power to make decisions.

Correct B. Authority is the power to make decisions, while legitimacy is the acceptance of those decisions by the people.

C. Legitimacy and authority are the same thing, and are used interchangeably in political systems.

D. Legitimacy is the power to make decisions, while authority is the acceptance of those decisions by the people.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 12

In a presidential system of government, the president serves as both the head of state and the head of government. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this system, and explain how it differs from a parliamentary system.

Correct A. The president has more power and control over the government, but is also more accountable to the people.

B. The president has less power and control over the government, but is also less accountable to the people.

C. The president has no power or control over the government, and is not accountable to the people.

D. The president has absolute power and control over the government, and is not accountable to the people.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13

In a federal system of government, power is divided between the central government and the regional governments. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this system, and explain how it differs from a unitary system.

Correct A. The federal system allows for more regional autonomy and diversity, but can also lead to conflicts between the central government and the regional governments.

B. The federal system allows for more central control and coordination, but can also lead to a lack of regional autonomy and diversity.

C. The federal system has no advantages or disadvantages, and is simply a way of organizing government.

D. The federal system is the best system of government, and all other systems are inferior.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 14

In a parliamentary system of government, the head of government is also the head of the legislature. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this system, and explain how it differs from a presidential system.

Correct A. The parliamentary system allows for more efficient decision-making and coordination, but can also lead to a lack of accountability and transparency.

B. The parliamentary system allows for more accountability and transparency, but can also lead to a lack of efficiency and coordination.

C. The parliamentary system has no advantages or disadvantages, and is simply a way of organizing government.

D. The parliamentary system is the best system of government, and all other systems are inferior.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15

In a local government system, power is divided between the local government and the central government. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this system, and explain how it differs from a federal system.

Correct A. The local government system allows for more local autonomy and diversity, but can also lead to conflicts between the local government and the central government.

B. The local government system allows for more central control and coordination, but can also lead to a lack of local autonomy and diversity.

C. The local government system has no advantages or disadvantages, and is simply a way of organizing government.

D. The local government system is the best system of government, and all other systems are inferior.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16

Analyze the concept of legitimacy in the context of international relations. How does it impact the effectiveness of foreign policy?

Correct A. Legitimacy is a crucial factor in determining the effectiveness of foreign policy, as it influences the willingness of other states to cooperate and respect the actions of a particular state.

B. Legitimacy is not a significant factor in international relations, as states prioritize their own interests over the legitimacy of other states' actions.

C. Legitimacy is a necessary condition for the effectiveness of foreign policy, but it is not sufficient on its own to guarantee success.

D. Legitimacy is irrelevant in international relations, as states are primarily driven by power and self-interest.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17

A government has the power to make laws, but it is not necessarily legitimate. What does this imply about the relationship between power and legitimacy?

A. Power and legitimacy are interchangeable concepts, and a government with power is automatically legitimate.

Correct B. Power and legitimacy are distinct concepts, and a government can have power without being legitimate.

C. Legitimacy is a necessary condition for power, and a government cannot have power without being legitimate.

D. Power is a necessary condition for legitimacy, and a government cannot be legitimate without having power.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 18

A local government has the authority to collect taxes, but it is not necessarily legitimate. What does this imply about the relationship between authority and legitimacy?

A. Authority and legitimacy are interchangeable concepts, and a local government with authority is automatically legitimate.

Correct B. Authority and legitimacy are distinct concepts, and a local government can have authority without being legitimate.

C. Legitimacy is a necessary condition for authority, and a local government cannot have authority without being legitimate.

D. Authority is a necessary condition for legitimacy, and a local government cannot be legitimate without having authority.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 19

A constitution is a document that outlines the powers and limitations of a government. What does this imply about the relationship between constitutions and legitimacy?

A. Constitutions are a necessary condition for legitimacy, and a government cannot be legitimate without having a constitution.

B. Constitutions are a sufficient condition for legitimacy, and a government with a constitution is automatically legitimate.

Correct C. Constitutions are a necessary but not sufficient condition for legitimacy, and a government with a constitution may still be illegitimate.

D. Constitutions are irrelevant to legitimacy, and a government can be legitimate without having a constitution.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20

A government has the power to make laws, but it is not necessarily legitimate. What does this imply about the relationship between power and legitimacy in the context of public administration?

A. Power and legitimacy are interchangeable concepts, and a government with power is automatically legitimate in the context of public administration.

Correct B. Power and legitimacy are distinct concepts, and a government can have power without being legitimate in the context of public administration.

C. Legitimacy is a necessary condition for power in the context of public administration, and a government cannot have power without being legitimate.

D. Power is a necessary condition for legitimacy in the context of public administration, and a government cannot be legitimate without having power.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21

In the context of constitutional development in Nigeria, what is the significance of the 1963 Republican Constitution?

A. It marked the beginning of a new era of constitutionalism in Nigeria.

B. It introduced the concept of federalism in Nigeria.

Correct C. It was the first constitution to be drafted by Nigerians themselves.

D. It was a response to the challenges of colonialism in Nigeria.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 22

The 1963 Republican Constitution introduced a new system of government in Nigeria. What was the name of this system?

Correct A. Federalism

B. Unitarism

C. Confederalism

D. Parliamentarism

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23

The 1963 Republican Constitution was a significant milestone in the constitutional development of Nigeria. What was the main reason for its adoption?

A. To consolidate the power of the federal government

B. To promote regional autonomy

C. To establish a parliamentary system of government

Correct D. To introduce a new system of government that would promote national unity

Correct Answer: D

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Question 24

The 1963 Republican Constitution was a response to the challenges of colonialism in Nigeria. What was the main challenge that it sought to address?

A. The challenge of promoting national unity

B. The challenge of consolidating the power of the federal government

C. The challenge of promoting regional autonomy

Correct D. The challenge of introducing a new system of government that would promote national unity

Correct Answer: D

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Question 25

The 1963 Republican Constitution was a significant milestone in the constitutional development of Nigeria. What was the main feature of this constitution?

Correct A. It introduced a new system of government that would promote national unity

B. It consolidated the power of the federal government

C. It promoted regional autonomy

D. It established a parliamentary system of government

Correct Answer: A

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